Endoscopic Imaging Technology Today.

One of the most applied imaging methods in medicine is endoscopy. A highly specialized image modality has been developed since the first modern endoscope, the "Lichtleiter" of Bozzini was introduced in the early 19th century. Multiple medical disciplines use endoscopy for diagnostics or to visualize and support therapeutic procedures.

Extended Versus Limited Lymph Node Dissection in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: Survival Results from a Prospective, Randomized Trial.

Background: The extent of lymph node dissection (LND) in bladder cancer (BCa) patients at the time of radical cystectomy may affect oncologic outcome.

Objective: To evaluate whether extended versus limited LND prolongs recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, multicenter, phase-III trial patients with locally resectable T1G3 or muscle-invasive urothelial BCa (T2-T4aM0).

[Thermochemotherapy with Mitomycin C: an update on alternative treatment strategies in non-muscleinvasive bladder cancer].

Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignant disease. There are various treatment strategies which, depending on tumor stage and grade, can minimize recurrence and lower progression rate. Alternative treatment modalities of instillation therapy after failure with first line Mitomycin C or BCG do exist and have become a point of interest, especially in times of shortage of agents such as BCG.

Inability of shear-wave elastography to distinguish malignant from benign prostate tissue - a comparison of biopsy, whole-mount sectioning and shear-wave elastography.

Aim: This study was designed to assess the possible usefulness of shear-wave elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant tissue in prostate neoplasia.

Patients And Methods: A total of 120 prostate tissue samples were obtained from 10 patients treated by radical prostatectomy and investigated pre-operatively by ultrasound elastography followed by directed biopsy. After resection, whole-mount sectioning and histological examination was performed.

Detection of obstructive uropathy and assessment of differential renal function using two functional magnetic resonance urography tools. A comparison with diuretic renal scintigraphy in infants and children.

Aim: After detection of obstructive uropathy (OU), the indication for or against surgery is primarily based on the differential renal function (DRF). This is to compare functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU) with dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS) to assess OU and DRF in infants and children.

Patients, Methods: Retrospective analysis in 30 patients (female: 16; male: 14; median age: 5.

Measurement of Procedure-Specific Irrigation-Fluid Absorption in Transurethral Therapy of Lower Urinary Tract Syndrome, Using Ethanolic Saline and Breath Alcometry.

Introduction: Transurethral resection risks excessive absorption of irrigating fluid with potentially severe or life-threatening consequences. We determined the amount of absorbed saline irrigation fluid during photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (bTURP).

Patients And Methods: Patients at our institution treated by one of these methods were monitored by the alcometric method: ethanol is added to the irrigation fluid and blood alcohol is measured with a breathalyser.

Irreversible Electroporation (IRE): Standardization of Terminology and Reporting Criteria for Analysis and Comparison.

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) as newer ablation modality has been introduced and its clinical niche is under investigation. At present just one IRE system has been approved for clinical use and is currently commercially available (NanoKnife® system). In 2014, the International Working Group on Image-Guided Tumor Ablation updated the recommendation about standardization of terms and reporting criteria for image-guided tumor ablation.

New aspects in shear-wave elastography of prostate cancer.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the performance of shear-wave elastography as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer in a larger cohort of patients than previously reported.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-three patients with suspected prostate carcinoma were investigated by ultrasound elastography followed by directed biopsy. The elastographic and histological results for all biopsies were compared.

First Delayed Resection Findings After Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) of Human Localised Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in the IRENE Pilot Phase 2a Trial.

Introduction: It is postulated that focal IRE affords complete ablation of soft-tissue tumours while protecting the healthy peritumoral tissue. Therefore, IRE may be an interesting option for minimally invasive, kidney-tissue-sparing, non-thermal ablation of renal tumours.

Aim: With this current pilot study ("IRENE trial"), we present the first detailed histopathological data of IRE of human RCC followed by delayed tumour resection.

Traumatically shattered kidney without urine extravasation or vascular amputation.

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury scoring scale is commonly used for genitourinary injuries. Normally, grade 4-5 lacerations of the kidney show involvement of the pelvicalyceal system (PCS) with urine extravasation (UE). We present a case of a 41-year-old woman who was hospitalised with macrohaematuria and retroperitoneal haematoma after severe blunt acceleration flank trauma.

A Randomised Phase II Trial Comparing Docetaxel Plus Prednisone with Docetaxel Plus Prednisone Plus Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Docetaxel plus prednisone is a standard treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cyclophosphamide may be an effective combination partner.

Methods: This randomised, multicentre, phase II trial compared the combination therapy of docetaxel plus prednisone plus cyclophosphamide with the standard therapy of docetaxel plus prednisone.

Circular Abscess Formation of the Inner Preputial Leaf as a Complication of a Penile Mondor's Disease: The First Case Report.

Introduction. Mondor's disease of the penis is an uncommon condition characterized by thrombosis or thrombophlebitis involving the superficial dorsal veins. An accompanied lymphangitis is discussed.

Urinary tract effects after multifocal nonthermal irreversible electroporation of the kidney: acute and chronic monitoring by magnetic resonance imaging, intravenous urography and urinary cytology.

Purpose: The nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a novel potential ablation modality for renal masses. The aim of this study was the first evaluation of NTIRE's effects on the renal urine-collecting system using intravenous urography (IVU) and urinary cytology in addition to histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Eight percutaneous NTIRE ablations of the renal parenchyma, including the calyxes or pelvis, were performed in three male swine.

Angiography in the isolated perfused kidney: radiological evaluation of vascular protection in tissue ablation by nonthermal irreversible electroporation.

Purpose: The nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a novel nonthermal tissue ablation technique by local application of high-voltage current within microseconds leading to a delayed apoptosis. The purpose of this experimental study was the first angiographic evaluation of the acute damage of renal vascular structure in NTIRE.

Methods: Results of conventional dynamic digital substraction angiography (DSA) and visualization of the terminal vascular bed of renal parenchyma by high-resolution X-ray in mammography technique were evaluated before, during, and after NTIRE of three isolated perfused porcine ex vivo kidneys.

MR imaging guided percutaneous nephrostomy using a 1.0 Tesla open MR scanner.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of MR-guided percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) using a 1.0 Tesla open MR-scanner with fast dynamic imaging.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with failed ultrasonographic insertion due to various reasons, such as nondilated pelvic systems, obesity, and parapelvic cysts, were investigated.

Irreversible electroporation of renal cell carcinoma: a first-in-man phase I clinical study.

Purpose: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a newly developed nonthermal tissue-ablation technique in which high-voltage electrical pulses of microsecond duration are applied to induce irreversible permeabilisation of the cell membrane, presumably through nanoscale defects in the lipid bilayer, leading to apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of ablating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissue by IRE.

Methods: Six patients scheduled for curative resection of RCC were included.

Value of preoperative superselective embolization of the isthmus in a patient with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and horseshoe kidney.

Standard treatment for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) implies the radical removal of all urothelium-lined tissue, which requires nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff removal. We report on a patient with a rare coincidence of UUTUC and horseshoe kidney in whom a preoperative angiography helped to identify and subsequently embolize an abberant isthmic feeding artery, which was located in between both collecting systems. Ischemic discoloration of the isthmus area facilitated resection and no major blood loss occurred.

Successful interdisciplinary treatment of renal cell carcinoma with tumour thrombus into inferior vena cava using multimodal protocol and organ-extending R0 resection in rare horseshoe kidney and doubled right organ.

This is the first case ever reported showing a combination of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumour thrombus into inferior vena cava (IVC), horseshoe kidney and doubled right kidney that was successfully treated. Even in advanced tumour lesions of the kidney, curative treatment is a feasible and safe option by using interdisciplinary cooperation and expertise. However, this requires an adequate diagnostic work-up to clarify resectability and optimal perioperative and postoperative care, and also advanced surgical skills exhausting all potential options for complete tumour resection in a centre of excellence.