Experimental setup for measuring the dispersion forces by the adhered cantilever method.

Dispersion forces start to play role in modern micro/nanoelectromechanical devices, but the methods to measure these forces at distances close to contact (<50 nm) suffer from pull-in instability. The method of adhered cantilever proposed recently has no instability and is able to make measurements at short separations. To measure the force at the average distance between surfaces in contact, one has to know the shape of an elastic beam with one end fixed at a height of 1-10 μm and the other end adhered to the substrate.

Nanoreactors in action for a durable microactuator using spontaneous combustion of gases in nanobubbles.

A number of recent studies report enhancement of chemical reactions on water microdroplets or inside nanobubbles in water. This finding promises exciting applications, although the mechanism of the reaction acceleration is still not clear. Specifically, the spontaneous combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in nanobubbles opens the way to fabricate truly microscopic engines.

Fast Electrochemical Actuator with Ti Electrodes in the Current Stabilization Regime.

The actuators needed for autonomous microfluidic devices have to be compact, low-power-consuming, and compatible with microtechnology. The electrochemical actuators could be good candidates, but they suffer from a long response time due to slow gas termination. An actuator in which the gas is terminated orders of magnitude faster has been demonstrated recently.

Effect of the Lipid Fraction of Microalgae on Biochemical Parameters in Female C57BL/6 Mice.

We studied the effect of microalgae of various systematic groups added to the ration on the biochemical parameters of blood serum and liver and kidney tissue in rats. It was found that microalgae had different effects on the levels of proteins, lipids, and sex hormones, activity of aminotransaminases, and filtration capacity of the kidneys. Microalgae also affected the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney tissues.

Highly energetic impact of H and O nanobubbles on Pt surface.

Hypothesis Water electrolysis performed by short (≲5μs) voltage pulses of alternating polarity generates a dense cloud of H and O nanobubbles. Platinum electrodes turn black in this process, while they behave differently when the polarity is not altered. We prove that the modification of Pt is associated with highly energetic impact of nanobubbles rather than with any electrochemical process.

Intraoperative radiotherapy as an immediate adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer due to limited access to external-beam radiotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concomitant chemotherapy is the current standard-of-care for locally-advanced rectal cancer. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is to date only recommended for pelvic recurrences or incompletely resectable tumors. We here report on patients with stage II/III rectal cancer that were treated with IORT in a regional Russian university center due to limited access to EBRT.

Collective behavior of bulk nanobubbles produced by alternating polarity electrolysis.

Nanobubbles in liquids are mysterious gaseous objects with exceptional stability. They promise a wide range of applications, but their production is not well controlled and localized. Alternating polarity electrolysis of water is a tool that can control the production of bulk nanobubbles in space and time without generating larger bubbles.

Electrically controlled cloud of bulk nanobubbles in water solutions.

Using different experimental techniques we visualize a cloud of gas in water that is produced electrochemically by the alternating polarity process. Liquid enriched with gas does not contain bubbles strongly scattering visible light but its refractive index changes significantly near the electrodes. The change of the refractive index is a collective effect of bulk nanobubbles with a diameter smaller than 200 nm.

Highly energetic phenomena in water electrolysis.

Water electrolysis performed in microsystems with a fast change of voltage polarity produces optically invisible nanobubbles containing H and O gases. In this form the gases are able to the reverse reaction of water formation. Here we report extreme phenomena observed in a millimeter-sized open system.

[Indications and surgical results of chronic colostasis treatment].

Aim: To define the surgical indications in patients with chronic colostasis who were operated using original technique and to access obtained results.

Material And Methods: It was analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 81 patients with chronic colostasis in remote postoperative period. We have proved that extended left-sided hemicolectomy with rectosigmoid resection, positive mesentery root rotation and transposition of right large bowel to left part of abdominal cavity, creation of new ligamentary apparatus provide favourable remote results and increase life's quality of operated patients.

[Primary jejunogastroplasty with end-loop gastroenteroanastomosis and inclusion of the duodenum in distal resection of the stomach (surgical technology and functional results)].

Technical aspects, clinical and functional results of using an original method of primary jejunogastroplasty (JGP) in resection of the stomach were considered. Complex examination of 57 patients (25 patients of the main group, and 32 controls) has shown that the proposed technology of primary JGP can reliably prevent gastroesophageal and duodeno-enterogastic reflux, creates conditions for the portion-rhythmical evacuation of food from the gastric stump. It is also characterized by a less, as compared with the controls, incidence and degree of alterations in the mucosa and better quality of life of the patients after operation.

[Estimation of the hydrodynamical characteristics of the end-to-loop gastroenteroanastomosis].

The article presents the results of a study of the hydrodynamical characteristics of the end-to-loop gastroenteroanastomosis by the method of multichannel intraluminal manometry. The study was carried out on 7 outbreed dogs. The function of anastomosis was studied at the constant speed of liquid passage as well as at modeling short-term rises of pressure similar to those created by stomach and gut peristalsis.

[Gastrectomy with end-loop jejunogastroplasty in stomach cancer].

Experience with surgical treatment of 147 patients after gastrectomy with jejunogastroplasty and creation of end-loop esophageal-intestinal anastomosis is analyzed. Original methods of jejunogastroplasty are based on end-loop construction of esophageal-intestinal anastomosis simulating anatomic-functional analog of lost cardia and pylorus and replacing reservoir function of the stomach. One year and later after surgery 83 patients with end-loop esophageal-intestinal anastomosis and 73 patients with anastomosis were examined.

[Congenital abnormalities in children as a consequence of local ecologic hazards].

The article covers characteristics, structure and dynamics of congenital abnormalities in children of Novgorod region.