The heterogeneity of aqueous solutions: the current situation in the context of experiment and theory.

The advancement of experimental methods has provided new information about the structure and structural fluctuations of water. Despite the appearance of numerous models, which aim to describe a wide range of thermodynamic and electrical characteristics of water, there is a deficit in systemic understanding of structuring in aqueous solutions. A particular challenge is the fact that even pure water is a heterogeneous, multicomponent system composed of molecular and supramolecular structures.

Concentration-QTc modeling of sitravatinib in patients with advanced solid malignancies.

Sitravatinib (MGCD516) is an orally available, small molecule, tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumors. Concentration-corrected QT interval (QTc; C-QTc) modeling was undertaken, using 767 matched concentration-ECG observations from 187 patients across two clinical studies in patients with advanced solid malignancies, across a dose range of 10-200 mg, via a linear mixed-effects (LME) model. The effect on heart rate (HR)-corrected QT interval via Fridericia's correction method (QTcF) at the steady-state maximum concentration (C) for the sitravatinib proposed therapeutic dosing regimen (100 mg malate once daily [q.

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised.

Accessible and reliable neurometric testing in humans using a smartphone platform.

Tests of human brain circuit function typically require fixed equipment in lab environments. We have developed a smartphone-based platform for neurometric testing. This platform, which uses AI models like computer vision, is optimized for at-home use and produces reproducible, robust results on a battery of tests, including eyeblink conditioning, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response, and startle habituation.

Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown.

Effectiveness of Nonmydriatic Ultra-Widefield Retinal Imaging to Screen for Diabetic Eye Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Clearsight).

Objective: Suboptimal diabetic eye disease screening is a major cause of preventable vision loss. Screening barriers include mydriasis and the need for dedicated screening appointments. The Clearsight trial assessed whether nonmydriatic ultra-widefield (NM UWF) screening on the day of a diabetes clinic visit improved detection of clinically important eye disease versus usual screening.

Study of Cryogenic Unmasked Etching of "Black Silicon" with Ar Gas Additives.

The influence of Ar gas additives on ≪black silicon≫ formation is shown in this work. The way to achieve the conical shape of Si texture using low Ar dilution is demonstrated. Also, a possibility of silicon nanowire width reduction keeping a high density of array is shown.

Stretchable Transparent Light-Emitting Diodes Based on InGaN/GaN Quantum Well Microwires and Carbon Nanotube Films.

We propose and demonstrate both flexible and stretchable blue light-emitting diodes based on core/shell InGaN/GaN quantum well microwires embedded in polydimethylsiloxane membranes with strain-insensitive transparent electrodes involving single-walled carbon nanotubes. InGaN/GaN core-shell microwires were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, encapsulated into a polydimethylsiloxane film, and then released from the growth substrate. The fabricated free-standing membrane of light-emitting diodes with contacts of single-walled carbon nanotube films can stand up to 20% stretching while maintaining efficient operation.

KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models-II: model description, implementation and testing.

New knowledge on soil structure highlights its importance for hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization, which however remains neglected in many wide used models. We present here a new model, KEYLINK, in which soil structure is integrated with the existing concepts on SOM pools, and elements from food web models, that is, those from direct trophic interactions among soil organisms. KEYLINK is, therefore, an attempt to integrate soil functional diversity and food webs in predictions of soil carbon (C) and soil water balances.

KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept.

The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes.

Hydrogen passivation of the n-GaN nanowire/p-Si heterointerface.

The influence of hydrogen plasma treatment on the electrical and optical properties of vertical GaN nanowire (NW)/Si heterostructures synthesized via plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy is studied. The effect of the treatment is thoroughly studied via variation of the passivation duration. Photoluminescence investigation demonstrates that the passivation affects the doping of the GaN NWs.

Effects of the surface preparation and buffer layer on the morphology, electronic and optical properties of the GaN nanowires on Si.

The role of Si (111) substrate surface preparation and buffer layer composition in the growth, electronic and optical properties of the GaN nanowires (NWs) synthesized via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy is studied. A comparison study of GaN NWs growth on the bare Si (111) substrate, silicon nitride interlayer, predeposited AlN and GaO buffer layers, monolayer thick Ga wetting layer and GaN seeding layer prepared by the droplet epitaxy is performed. It is demonstrated that the homogeneity and the morphology of the NW arrays drastically depend on the chosen buffer layer and surface preparation technique.

Closing the Gap: Results of the Multicenter Canadian Randomized Controlled Trial of Structured Transition in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To determine if a structured transition program for young adults with type 1 diabetes improves clinic attendance, glycemic control, diabetes-related distress, quality of life, and satisfaction with care.

Research Design And Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, young adults (17-20 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to a transition program with a transition coordinator or to standard care. The intervention lasted 18 months (6 in pediatric and 12 in adult care).

Do alterations in mesofauna community affect earthworms?

Interactions between the saprotrophic animal groups that strongly control soil microbial activities and the functioning of detrital food webs, such as earthworms and mesofauna, are not well understood. Earthworm trophic and engineering activities strongly affect mesofauna abundance and diversity through various direct and indirect pathways. In contrast, mesofauna effects on earthworm populations are less evident; however, their importance may be high, considering the keystone significance of earthworms for the functioning of the soil system.

[The dynamics of contamination of Kozhanovskoe lake with 137Cs in the post-Chernobyl period].

The paper presents the dynamics and the current state of radioactive contamination with 137Cs of low--running Kozhanovskoe lake situated in Bryansk region. Semi-empiric assessment of the current radiation state based on the analysis of dynamics of contamination of Kozhanovskoe lake with 137Cs corresponds satisfactory to experimental data. Integral 137Cs inventories were estimated for the main components of the lake, including water, bottom sediments and aquatic vegetation for the period of 2005-2007.

Enhanced ubiquitin-proteasome activity in calreticulin deficient cells: a compensatory mechanism for cell survival.

Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone essential for intracellular calcium homeostasis. Deletion of calreticulin gene compromises the overall quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to activation of the unfolded protein response. However, the ER structure of calreticulin deficient cells (crt-/-) is not altered due to accumulation of misfolded proteins.

Friction of -bead macromolecules in solution: effects of the bead-solvent interaction.

The role of the bead-solvent interaction has been studied for its influence on the dynamics of an N-bead macromolecule which is immersed into a solution. Using a Fokker-Planck equation for the phase-space distribution function of the macromolecule, we show that all the effects of the solution can be treated entirely in terms of the friction tensors which are assigned to each pair of interacting beads in the chain. For the high-density as well as for the critical solvent, the properties of these tensors are discussed in detail and are calculated by using several (realistic) choices of the bead-solvent potential.

Effects of verapamil and amiodarone on sympathoadrenal system and balance of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in rat medulla oblongata.

Local injection of verapamil into ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata triggered the release of epinephrine. Verapamil increased the total content of norepinephrine and epinephrine by 560% and decreased the content of serotonin by 46%. Verapamil had no effect on norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios in normal rats.

Effect of nonselective beta-adrenoblockers on the state of sympathoadrenal system and ratio of neuroactive amino acids in rat medulla oblongata.

Experiments on rats showed that injection of propranolol into the medulla oblongata increased the contents of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and L-DOPA by 3.76, 1.4, 2.

Effect of imidazobenzoimidazole derivatives RU-353, RU-563, and lidocaine on cerebral circulation in rats.

We demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of novel imidazobenzoimidazole derivatives RU-353 and RU-563 on cerebral blood flow and systemic blood pressure in narcotized rats. The effects of RU-353 increased, while the effect of RU-563 decreased with increasing the dose.

Effects of bradysole and dibasole on cerebral bloodflow under experimental conditions.

Bradysole (1 mg/kg intravenously) induced a moderate increase in cerebral bloodflow and a minor decrease in systemic blood pressure in narcotized rats. These effects were less pronounced compared to the effects of dibasole (bradysole structural analog) in the same dose.

Effects of the bead-bead potential on the restricted rotational diffusion of nonrigid macromolecules.

The influence of the bead-bead interaction on the rotational dynamics of macromolecules which are immersed into a solution has been investigated by starting from the microscopic theory of the macromolecular motion, i.e., from a Fokker-Planck equation for the phase-space distribution function.

Effect of cyclic GABA derivative TZ-146 on the content of neurotransmitters in rat brain stem.

The effect of cyclic GABA derivative TZ-146 on the content of catecholamines, serotonin, their metabolites, and neurotransmitter amino acids in rat hypothalamus and brain stem was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Opposite changes in the content of homovanillic acid, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine in the examined structures were accompanied by inhibition of dopamine metabolism. Possible participation of cerebral glutamatergic system in the effect of TZ-146 is discussed.