A comparative analysis of colour-emotion associations in 16-88-year-old adults from 31 countries.

As people age, they tend to spend more time indoors, and the colours in their surroundings may significantly impact their mood and overall well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to provide informed guidance on colour choices, irrespective of age group. To work towards informed choices, we investigated whether the associations between colours and emotions observed in younger individuals also apply to older adults.

Compliance with Pregnancy Prevention Recommendations for Isotretinoin Following the Amendment of the European Union Pregnancy Prevention Program: A Repeat Study in Estonia.

Background: Isotretinoin, indicated for severe acne, is a potent teratogen and therefore contraindicated in pregnancy. Thus, the pregnancy prevention program (PPP) for isotretinoin has been introduced.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the concomitant use of isotretinoin and effective contraception and the rate of potential isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies in females of childbearing age in 2017-2020 in Estonia.

Outpatient fluoroquinolone use in relation to European Medicines Agency's recommendation: An Estonian nationwide drug utilization study.

Purpose: To determine possible changes in prescribing of fluoroquinolones in relation to the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) recommendation in October 2018.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide time-series study on outpatient use of fluoroquinolones during January 2016-June 2021 in Estonia. Joinpoint regression was used to identify change points over time.

Is Purple Lost in Translation? The Affective Meaning of Purple, Violet, and Lilac Cognates in 16 Languages and 30 Populations.

Colour-emotion association data show a universal consistency in colour-emotion associations, apart from emotion associations with PURPLE. Possibly, its heterogeneity was due to different cognates used as basic colour terms between languages. We analysed emotion associations with PURPLE across 30 populations, 28 countries, and 16 languages (4,008 participants in total).

Pre-pregnancy counseling for women with epilepsy: Can we do better?

Objective: For many women with epilepsy (WWE), decision making about pregnancy is difficult, due mainly to the potential teratogenic risks of anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Pre-pregnancy counseling is essential to minimize these risks. This study was conducted to assess the rate and effectiveness of pre-pregnancy counseling for women treated with valproate (VPA) in Estonia.

Trends in the use of hormonal contraception in Estonia 2005-2019 and the risk of arterial and venous thromboembolism: a population-based study.

Purpose: To describe trends in hormonal contraceptive use, incidence of thromboembolism and presence of risk factors for thromboembolism among the users in Estonia.

Material And Methods: Data of 223 312 female patients aged 15-49 years in 2005-2019 from national health insurance databases was derived. Annual prevalence rates of hormonal contraceptive users, incidence rates of thromboembolism and prevalence rates of risk factors were calculated.

Universal Patterns in Color-Emotion Associations Are Further Shaped by Linguistic and Geographic Proximity.

Many of us "see red," "feel blue," or "turn green with envy." Are such color-emotion associations fundamental to our shared cognitive architecture, or are they cultural creations learned through our languages and traditions? To answer these questions, we tested emotional associations of colors in 4,598 participants from 30 nations speaking 22 native languages. Participants associated 20 emotion concepts with 12 color terms.

When does "bright" mean "prototypical"? Color-term modifiers in eight European languages, examined with color-survey data.

Certain modified color terms encountered in a multi-language corpus of unconstrained color-naming data, elicited with 65 Color-aid Corporation tiles, can be glossed into English as "bright (or vivid) X" (e.g., Estonian "ere-X"), while other modifiers are glossed "light" or "dark.

Trends in opioid prescribing in Estonia (2011-2017).

Our objective was to examine the trends and variation in opioid prescribing in Estonia from 2011 to 2017. This retrospective cross-sectional study is based on a nationwide prescription medicines database. We stratified the analysis by treatment indication (cancer vs noncancer pain).

Valproic acid prescription trends among females of childbearing age in Estonia: A 14-year nationwide prescription database study.

Purpose: Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used anticonvulsant that is effective against most seizure types. Due to its teratogenic effects, its use should be avoided among females of childbearing age, unless other treatments are ineffective or not tolerated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of VPA use in 2005-2018 in Estonia, with special attention to females of childbearing age.

Compliance with Pregnancy Prevention Recommendations for Isotretinoin in Estonia in 2012-2016.

Background: Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe acne; no alternative treatment has an equal therapeutic effect. The teratogenic effects of isotretinoin can be avoided, and numerous recommendations and regulations are in force to minimize the risk of pregnancy during treatment.

Objectives: To describe isotretinoin prescription patterns for women aged 15-45 years, assess the concomitancy of isotretinoin and contraceptive use, and determine the rate of potential isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies in Estonia.

Individual variations in color-concept space replicate across languages.

The cross-cultural nature of color categories and concepts is central to the Berlin-Kay tradition of color-language universalism. In an extension, we examine the cognitive organization of color concepts, the pattern of associations among them, where cross-cultural regularities may also exist. We focus here on individual variations in that pattern.

"Clothed in triple blues": sorting out the Italian blues.

Cross-cultural comparisons of color perception and cognition often feature versions of the "similarity sorting" procedure. By interpreting the assignment of two color samples to different groups as an indication that the dissimilarity between them exceeds some threshold, sorting data can be regarded as low-resolution similarity judgments. Here we analyze sorting data from speakers of Italian, Russian, and English, applying multidimensional scaling to delineate the boundaries between perceptual categories while highlighting differences between the three populations.

An age-related difference in the ratio of sudden coronary death over acute myocardial infarction in Estonian males.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the in-hospital and the out-of-hospital mortality rate from ischemic heart disease (IHD). The age-related incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the number of sudden coronary deaths (SCD) in males in South Estonia with the population of approximately 400,000 inhabitants were subjected to comparative analysis covering a period of 17 years (1980-1996). The annual AMI incidence rate per 100,000 males was 30.

GSTT1-dependent induction of centromere-negative and -positive micronuclei by 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane in cultured human lymphocytes.

The role of the glutathione S-transferase T1 gene (GSTT1) in determining genotoxic response to 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), an epoxide metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, was studied by analysis of micronuclei (MN) in cultured human lymphocytes using the cytokinesis block method. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an alphoid satellite DNA probe specific for the centromeres of all human chromosomes was applied to identify MN harboring whole chromosomes. Whole-blood lymphocyte cultures of 11 GSTM1 (glutathione S-transferase M1)-positive individuals (i.

Distribution of glutathione S-transferase T1 phenotypes in the Estonian population.

The distribution of glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) phenotypes was studied in a total sample of 673 Estonians whose four grandparents were born in Estonia, by an ELISA test able to differentiate between GSTT1 positive and GSTT1 negative phenotypes. 18% of the total sample did not present GSTT1-1 protein in whole blood. GSTT1-1 concentration was assayed in 519 out of the 552 GSTT1 positive subjects (i.

Purification, characterization and tissue distribution of human class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1.

A high activity glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GSTT1-1) towards dichloromethane was isolated from human liver cytosol and purified to homogenity in 18.5% yield with a purification factor of 4400-fold. The GSTT1-1 was also isolated from erythrocytes, but the enzyme activity decreased rapidly in the final stages of purification.

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1.

The recently discovered human class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GSTT1-1) is responsible for the GSH-dependent detoxification of naturally occurring monohalomethanes. The detoxifying role of GSTT1-1 has not been investigated in cancer susceptibility and the polymorphism of the protein is unknown in different populations. The purpose of our work was to produce a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that could bind to different regions of the GSTT1-1 protein and would help us select suitable MAbs for Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry, and develop an ELISA assay for detection of GSTT1-1 in whole blood.

Psychological differences between young male and female survivors of myocardial infarction.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate psychological differences between young male and female survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: 35 male (mean age 37.3) and 29 female (mean age 38.

Role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes in determining individual sensitivity to sister chromatid exchange induction by diepoxybutane in cultured human lymphocytes.

The individual genotoxic response of cultured human lymphocytes to diepoxybutane (DEB), an epoxide metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, shows a bimodal distribution. Blood donors can be classified as either DEB-sensitive or DEB-resistant on the basis of the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by DEB in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures. The genetic basis of this phenomenon has thusfar been unknown.

Influence of GSTM1 genotype on sister chromatid exchange induction by styrene-7,8-oxide and 1,2-epoxy-3-butene in cultured human lymphocytes.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), catalyzing the conjugation of various reactive molecules with glutathione (GSH), shows genetic polymorphism in humans. Almost half of all Caucasians lack the GSTM1 gene, being theoretically at a higher risk from the toxic effects of substrates for GSTM1. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the GSTM1 genotype of lymphocyte donors influences the in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) and 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (MEB), the epoxide metabolites of styrene and butadiene respectively and potential substrates for GSTM1.

Allele-specific monoclonal antibodies against glutathione S-transferase Mu1-1.

IgG1 class mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against human glutathione S-transferase Mu1-1 (GSTMu1-1). Eight MAbs of 16 are able to recognize only the native form of the enzyme; 4 MAbs bind to native and denaturated enzyme, and the remaining 4 can bind only to partially denatured antigen in direct ELISA or Western blot. The antibodies recognizing the native form of the enzyme bind to six different epitopes.

Human glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genetic polymorphism in Estonia.

The distribution of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) gene deletion was examined in 151 healthy, unrelated individuals from an Estonian population. The study was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction technique. The frequency of individuals with allele GSTM1*0 in homozygous state in Estonian population was 0.