The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation at two different doses on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a generally healthy older adult population.

Methods: FIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications.

Long-term cumulative incidence of clinically diagnosed retinopathy in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Context: Lifestyle intervention reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with impaired glucose tolerance.

Objective: To find out whether participation in the earlier lifestyle intervention had an effect on the occurrence of clinically diagnosed retinopathy during a median of 22 years of follow-up time.

Methods: The study included 505 individuals from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) (mean 55, range 40-64 years at the onset of the study) with impaired glucose tolerance who were originally randomized into the intervention (weight loss, healthy diet and physical activity (N=257) and usual care control groups (N=248).

Role of Polyunsaturated Fat in Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Family History of Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled De Novo Results From 15 Observational Studies.

Background: It is unknown whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modifies the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with a family history of CVD. We assessed interactions between biomarkers of low PUFA intake and a family history in relation to long-term CVD risk in a large consortium.

Methods: Blood and tissue PUFA data from 40 885 CVD-free adults were assessed.

Towards Individually Tailored Diets in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease regarding its phenotype and genotype [...

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on atrial fibrillation in generally healthy men and women: The Finnish Vitamin D Trial.

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia with high morbidity risk. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher atrial fibrillation risk but there is limited evidence whether vitamin D supplementation could affect the risk. In these post hoc analyses from the Finnish Vitamin D Trial, we compared the incidence of atrial fibrillation with 5-year supplementation of vitamin D (1600 IU/d or 3200 IU/d) vs placebo.

Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population.

Background: The effects of different dietary fatty acids (FA) on cardiovascular risk still needs clarification. Plasma lipids composition may be a biomarker of FA dietary intake.

Purpose: To evaluate in a composite population the relationships between changes in dietary fat intake and changes in FA levels in serum cholesterol esters.

Eating behavior dimensions and 9-year weight loss maintenance: a sub-study of the Finnish Diabetes prevention study.

Background: Behavioral processes through which lifestyle interventions influence risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), e.g., body weight, are not well-understood.

Lifestyle Intervention Guided by Group and Internet-Based Counseling in the T2D-GENE Trial Supports Its Applicability and Feasibility.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented or postponed by lifestyle modifications as shown by previous intervention studies. In most of these studies, participants have received resource-demanding individual counseling. In the 3-year T2D-GENE trial with lifestyle intervention, we investigated whether a less resource-demanding form of group and internet-based counseling is feasible and effective in preventing T2D in people with an increased risk for T2D.

Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programs-From Proof-of-Concept Trials to National Intervention and Beyond.

The prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in high-risk people with lifestyle interventions has been demonstrated by several randomized controlled trials. The intervention effect has sustained up to 20 years in post-trial monitoring of T2D incidence. In 2000, Finland launched the national T2D prevention plan.

Combination of Multiple Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Objective: Combined low-risk lifestyle behaviors (LRLBs) have been associated with a reduction in type 2 diabetes risk. This relationship has not been systematically quantified.

Research Design And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of combined LRLBs with type 2 diabetes.

Indolepropionic Acid, a Gut Bacteria-Produced Tryptophan Metabolite and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

An intricate relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and the human body has recently been extensively investigated. Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites, especially, tryptophan derivatives, modulate metabolic and immune functions in health and disease. One of the tryptophan derivatives, indolepropionic acid (IPA), is increasingly being studied as a marker for the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Nordic dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials.

Aims/hypothesis: Nordic dietary patterns that are high in healthy traditional Nordic foods may have a role in the prevention and management of diabetes. To inform the update of the EASD clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Nordic dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library from inception to 9 March 2021.

Longitudinal Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Lifestyle Intervention, and Type 2 Diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Context: Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: We examined to what extent lifestyle intervention aiming to prevent T2D interacts with this association and how BCAA concentrations change during the intervention.

Methods: We computed trajectory clusters by k-means clustering of serum fasting BCAAs analyzed annually by mass spectrometry during a 4-year intervention.

Genetic Predictors of Change in Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Lifestyle Intervention: The Trans-NIH Consortium for Genetics of Weight Loss Response to Lifestyle Intervention.

Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for BMI (WCadjBMI and WHRadjBMI), but it remains unclear whether these SNPs relate to change in WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI with lifestyle intervention for weight loss. We hypothesized that polygenic scores (PS) comprised of 59 SNPs previously associated with central adiposity would predict less of a reduction in WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI at 8-10 weeks in two lifestyle intervention trials, NUGENOB and DiOGenes, and at 1 year in five lifestyle intervention trials, Look AHEAD, Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Prevention Study, DIETFITS, and PREDIMED-Plus. One-SD higher PS related to a smaller 1-year change in WCadjBMI in the lifestyle intervention arms at year 1 and thus predicted poorer response (β = 0.

Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids.

Background & Aims: Intake assessment in multicenter trials is challenging, yet important for accurate outcome evaluation. The present study aimed to characterize a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a healthy Nordic diet (HND) compared to a Control diet (CD) by plasma and urine metabolic profiles and to associate them with cardiometabolic markers.

Methods: During 18-24 weeks of intervention, 200 participants with metabolic syndrome were advised at six centres to eat either HND (e.

Vitamin D supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer in the Finnish Vitamin D Trial: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer in observational studies, but evidence for benefits with vitamin D supplementation is limited.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on CVD and cancer incidences.

Methods: The study was a 5-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial among 2495 male participants ≥60 years and post-menopausal female participants ≥65 years from a general Finnish population who were free of prior CVD or cancer.

Serum Levels of Plasmalogens and Fatty Acid Metabolites Associate with Retinal Microangiopathy in Participants from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and retinal microaneurysms (MA) are one of the first detected abnormalities associated with DR. We recently showed elevated serum triglyceride levels to be associated with the development of MA in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS). The purpose of this metabolomics study was to assess whether serum fatty acid (FA) composition, plasmalogens, and low-grade inflammation may enhance or decrease the risk of MA.

PUFA ω-3 and ω-6 biomarkers and sleep: a pooled analysis of cohort studies on behalf of the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE).

Background: n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have physiologic roles in sleep processes, but little is known regarding circulating n-3 and n-6 PUFA and sleep parameters.

Objectives: We sought to assess associations between biomarkers of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake with self-reported sleep duration and difficulty falling sleeping in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium.

Methods: Harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses were performed and pooled across 12 cohorts.

Interaction of Diet/Lifestyle Intervention and TCF7L2 Genotype on Glycemic Control and Adiposity among Overweight or Obese Adults: Big Data from Seven Randomized Controlled Trials Worldwide.

. The strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (). We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interventions and the genetic effect of rs7903146 on glycemic traits, body weight, or waist circumference in overweight or obese adults in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs).