Early detection of carcinoma: correlating quantifiable tumor biomarkers with High-Resolution Microscopy (HRME) findings.

Introduction: Cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths annually. Approximately one out of every six deaths is caused by cancer.

Label-free assessment of the transformation zone using multispectral diffuse optical imaging toward early detection of cervical cancer.

The assessment of the transformation zone is a critical step toward diagnosis of cervical cancer. This work involves the development of a portable, label-free transvaginal multispectral diffuse optical imaging (MDOI) imaging probe to estimate the transformation zone. The images were acquired from N = 5 (N = 1 normal, N = 2 premalignant, and N = 2 malignant) patients.

Engineering Approaches for Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Review.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women. The patient's survival rate is uncertain due to the limitations in the accuracy of diagnosis and effective monitoring during cancer treatment. The key to efficaciously controlling cancer on a larger scale is effective diagnosis at an early stage of cancer by distinguishing the vital signatures of the diseased from the normal breast tissue.

Toward the development of a polarimetric tool to diagnose the fibrotic human ventricular myocardium.

Significance: Optical polarimetry is an emerging modality that effectively quantifies the bulk optical properties that correlate with the anisotropic structural properties of cardiac tissues. We demonstrate the application of a polarimetric tool for characterizing healthy and fibrotic human myocardial tissues efficiently with a high degree of accuracy.

Aim: The study was aimed to characterize the myocardial tissues from the left ventricle and right ventricle of N  =  7 control and N  =  10 diseased subjects.

Toward the development of portable light emitting diode-based polarization spectroscopy tools for breast cancer diagnosis.

A robust, affordable and portable light emitting diode-based diagnostic tools (POLS-NIRDx) using a polarization-sensitive (linear as well as circular polarization) technique were designed and developed to quantify the degree of linear polarization (DOLP), degree of circular polarization (DOCP). The study was performed on malignant (invasive ductal carcinoma) and adjacent normal ex-vivo biopsy tissues excised from N = 10 patients at the operating wavelengths of 850 and 940 nm. The average DOLP and DOCP values were lower for malignant than adjacent normal while operating at 850 and 940 nm.

Thermo-optic measurements and their inter-dependencies for delineating cancerous breast biopsy tissue from adjacent normal.

The histopathological diagnosis of cancer is the current gold standard to differentiate normal from cancerous tissues. We propose a portable platform prototype to characterize the tissue's thermal and optical properties, and their inter-dependencies to potentially aid the pathologist in making an informed decision. The measurements were performed on 10 samples from five subjects, where the cancerous and adjacent normal were extracted from the same patient.

Hybrid Spectral-IRDx: Near-IR and Ultrasound Attenuation System for Differentiating Breast Cancer From Adjacent Normal Tissue.

Objective: While performing surgical excision for breast cancer (lumpectomy), it is important to ensure a clear margin of normal tissue around the cancer to achieve complete resection. The current standard is histopathology; however, it is time-consuming and labour-intensive requiring skilled personnel.

Method: We describe a Hybrid Spectral-IRDx - a combination of the previously reported Spectral-IRDx tool with multimodal ultrasound and NIR spectroscopy techniques.

Towards a Portable Platform Integrated With Multispectral Noncontact Probes for Delineating Normal and Breast Cancer Tissue Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Currently, the confirmation of diagnosis of breast cancer is made by microscopic examination of an ultra-thin slice of a needle biopsy specimen. This slice is conventionally formalin-fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and visually examined under a light microscope. This process is labor-intensive and requires highly skilled doctors (pathologists).