Confronting urethrorrhagia after Otis urethrotomy: a case report.

Background: Otis urethrotomy can sometimes lead to troublesome bleeding after seemingly uneventful procedures. This case report highlights one such case which went unnoticed initially; the bleeding was erroneously ascribed to the prostate, thereby falsely indicting the "decoy" prostate.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old Asian gentleman was referred to our hospital with complaint of intractable bleeding after undergoing laser enucleation of prostate at another institute, wherein he further underwent unsuccessful bilateral angioembolization of pudendal arteries.

Accuracy of combined multi-parametric MRI and PSMA PET-CT in diagnosing localized prostate cancer: newer horizons for a biopsy-free pathway.

Introduction: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a reliable biomarker for identification of prostate cancer, although a biopsy is still the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer. Similar to higher PIRADS lesions on MRI, the maximal standard uptake value (SUV max) on PSMA PET is linked to a higher likelihood of prostate cancer. Can an mpMRI in conjunction with PSMA PET Scan accurately predict prostate cancer and further trigger omission of biopsy similar to other solid organ urological malignancies?

Methods: Ga-68 PSMA PET and mpMRI were performed for each patient who was a part of this retrospective study.

Germ cell tumors with neuroglial differentiation do not show molecular features akin to their central nervous system counterpart: experience from extra-gynecological sites.

Teratomas with secondary somatic malignancy showing neuroglial differentiation (central nervous system (CNS)-type tumors) arising from a glial or neuroepithelial component is a very uncommon event and primarily described in the ovary. We aimed to describe the morphological spectrum and molecular features of CNS type of neuroepithelial tumors arising from the germ cell tumors (GCT) in the extra-gynecological sites. All cases of teratoma and mixed GCT arising from the non-gynecological sites over 7 years were screened for CNS type of neuroepithelial tumors.

Current practice patterns in the perioperative management of patients undergoing radical cystectomy: Results from a global survey.

Objective: To determine current practice patterns and adherence to various components of enhanced recovery after surgery in cystectomy (ERAC) protocol for peri-operative management of radical cystectomy patients through a global survey.

Methods: A survey containing 25 questions and addressing 15 of the 22 items of the ERAC protocol was developed and disseminated through Email to the urologists with recent bladder cancer publications. The mailing list was generated by retrieving Email-ids of corresponding authors of articles using the keyword "cystectomy" in Scopus from January 2018 to October 2020.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis-like presentation of toxic erythema of chemotherapy.

Toxic erythema of chemotherapy is an umbrella term encompassing a range of reactions characterized by symmetric erythematous to dusky patches, which can develop oedema, desquamation and/or purpura. We describe an elderly patient with prostate cancer who developed this complication while receiving docetaxel chemotherapy, presenting with prominent mucosal and periorificial involvement, along with epidermal necrosis, closely mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Robot-assisted Repair of Complex Vesicovaginal Fistulae: Feasibility and Outcomes.

Objective: To share our experience and techniques of robot-assisted repair of complex vesicovaginal fistulae.

Methods: Prospectively maintained data of patients undergoing robot-assisted repair of complex vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) from December 2014 to October 2019 were analyzed. Patient characteristics, operative data, postoperative events, and follow-up outcomes were noted.

Rare Presentation of Metastatic Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of Uterus Mimicking as Second Primary in Urinary Bladder on F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

We present a case of endometrioid carcinoma metastasis in the bladder mimicking as the second primary of urinary bladder on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT). The presentations of bladder lesions on F-FDG PET/CT are varied, and rare presentations of common malignancies can pose a significant diagnostic challenge as in the index case and highlight the importance of histopathological examination to confirm any unusual FDG uptake confounding the diagnosis.

Isolated Renal Mucormycosis in Immunocompetent Hosts: Clinical Spectrum and Management Approach.

Isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent hosts is a rare entity. We present the largest case series of isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent hosts. Retrospective data of isolated renal mucormycosis from March 2012 to June 2017 was reviewed.

Human Papillomavirus in Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder: An Indian study.

Objectives: To study the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV-16 and HPV-18) types in the causation of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Indian population.

Methods: 50 patients with Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder were included in the study. Another 10 age-matched subjects who were hospitalized for transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or ureterorenoscopy for ureteric stone disease were enrolled as controls.

Bladder Leiomyoma: A Rare Differential and a Potential Pitfall in the Evaluation for a Bladder Mass in F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has shown an increasing role in the evaluation of urinary bladder cancer, though benign pathological processes of the urinary bladder can also result in increased FDG uptake. Leiomyomas of urinary bladder are benign mesenchymal neoplasms and a very rare bladder tumor comprising <0.5% of all bladder tumors.

Perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive versus open radical cystectomy: A single-center experience.

Introduction: Open radical cystectomy (RC) is associated with significant morbidity and the role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in reducing morbidity of RC is controversial A direct comparison of various surgical modalities on perioperative outcomes is lacking in the Indian literature. We evaluated outcomes of minimally invasive (robotic and laparoscopic) versus open RC with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) performed at our institute from 2014 to 2016.

Methods: Eighty-three patients of RC with PLND were prospectively analyzed from December 2014 to February 2016.

Needle in a haystack: lost in transition.

A lost needle during minimally invasive surgery is a cause of undue anxiety to the entire surgical team and also causes prolongation of surgical time. There is no literature reporting follow-up of any patient with needle left behind as they are considered as a 'never event' during a surgical procedure. Preventing such events needs vigilance on part of the surgeon and assistant.

Utility of early dynamic and delayed post-diuretic F-FDG PET/CT SUV in predicting tumour grade and T-stage of urinary bladder carcinoma: results from a prospective single centre study.

Objective: Accurate pre-treatment grading and staging of bladder cancer are vital for better therapeutic decision and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) calculated during early dynamic and post-diuretic fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT studies with grade and pT-stage of bladder cancer.

Methods: 39 patients with suspected/proven bladder carcinoma underwent 10-min early dynamic pelvic imaging and delayed post-diuretic whole-body FDG PET/CT imaging.

Robot-assisted vesicovaginal fistula repair: a safe and feasible technique.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Open transabdominal repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) requires a long cystotomy incision, suprapubic drainage and delayed recovery. Laparoscopic repair is limited by difficult suturing in pelvic procedures. Therefore, the utility of robotic assistance is being increasingly explored.

Fulminant Buddchiari syndrome caused by renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor with inferior vena cava thrombus extending to atrium.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of the kidney are rare, the diagnosis usually being made at histopathology. A young female presented with a massive right renal mass with features of hepatic dysfunction. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a large tumor of right kidney with tumor thrombus extending from inferior vena cava (IVC) to right atrium with features suggesting Buddchiari syndrome (BCS).

Sustained systemic response paralleled with ovarian metastasis progression by sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Is this an anti-angiogenic potentiation of cancer?

Metastatic renal cell cancer is associated with poor prognosis and survival and is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Therapeutic targeting of molecular pathways for tumor angiogenesis and other specific activation mechanisms offers improved tumor response and prolonged survival. A 48-year-old, female patient presented with large right renal mass with features suggesting of renal cell cancer without metastasis on contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT).

A comparative randomized prospective study to evaluate efficacy and safety of combination of tamsulosin and tadalafil vs. tamsulosin or tadalafil alone in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction are common disorders of advancing age.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin and tadalafil in patients with LUTS due to BPH.

Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 133 men complaining of LUTS due to BPH were included.

Comparison of 18F fluoride PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scan in the detection of skeletal metastases in urinary bladder carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare (18)F-fluoride PET/CT and (99m)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy in the detection of skeletal metastases in urinary bladder carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective study, 48 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma (44 male and 4 female patients, aged 35-80 years) underwent (99m)Tc-MDP planar and SPECT/CT bone scan (BS) followed by (18)F-fluoride PET/CT within 48 hours. Skeletal metastasis diagnosed on each of these techniques was compared against a final diagnosis based on contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, skeletal survey, clinical follow-up, and histological correlation.

Incidental detection of a vesicocolonic fistula on renal scintigraphy with SPECT/CT.

Urinary-enteric fistula is a rare cause of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Therefore, delayed/incidental diagnosis is the rule. The authors present an image of a vesicocolonic fistula incidentally detected during SPECT/CT renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA in a female patient with recurrent UTI.

Efficacy of holmium laser urethrotomy in combination with intralesional triamcinolone in the treatment of anterior urethral stricture.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of visual internal urethrotomy with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser along with intralesional triamcinolone injection.

Materials And Methods: Patients with an anterior urethral stricture less than 3 cm in length were evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrogram preoperatively. All patients were treated with holmium laser urethrotomy and intralesional triamcinolone (80 mg) injection under general or regional anesthesia.

Status of oxidative stress in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Although oxidative stress is implicated in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis, to our knowledge changes in oxidative stress parameters in patients who undergo surgery for renal cell carcinoma have not been studied previously. We investigated the status of oxidative stress in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and glutathione were measured in the blood of 68 patients with renal tumor and in 30 age matched normal controls.

F-18 fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings in a rare case of penile leiomyosarcoma.

Penile cancer is a rare entity accounting for only 0.4% all male malignancies. Penile leiomyosarcomas are even rarer with only around 35 cases reported in literature.