Chitosan-based hydrogel system for efficient removal of Cu[II] and sustainable utilization of spent adsorbent as a catalyst for environmental applications.

The growing requirement for clean potable water requires sustainable methods of eliminating heavy metal ions and other organic contaminants. Herein, we synthesized a novel dual-purpose magnetically separable chitosan-based hydrogel system (CSGO-R@IO) that can efficiently remove toxic Cu pollutants from water. FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, VSM, XPS analyses were used to characterize the synthesized hydrogel.

In acid-aminopyrimidine continuum: experimental and computational studies of furan tetracarboxylate-2-aminopyrimidinium salt.

Salts and cocrystals are the two important solid forms when a carboxylic acid crystallizes with an aminopyrimidine base such that the extent of proton transfer distinguishes between them. The Δp value (p (base) - p (acid)) predicts whether the proton transfer will occur or not. However, the Δp range, 0 < Δp < 3, is elusive where the formation of cocrystal or salt cannot be predicted.

Challenges and opportunities of pharmaceutical cocrystals: a focused review on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The focus of the review is to discuss the relevant and essential aspects of pharmaceutical cocrystals in both academia and industry with an emphasis on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although cocrystals have been prepared for a plethora of drugs, NSAID cocrystals are focused due to their humongous application in different fields of medication such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antitumor, and anti-carcinogenic drugs. The highlights of the review are (a) background of cocrystals and other solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) based on the principles of crystal engineering, (b) why cocrystals are an excellent opportunity in the pharma industry, (c) common methods of preparation of cocrystals from the lab scale to bulk quantity, (d) some latest case studies of NSAIDs which have shown better physicochemical properties for example; mechanical properties (tabletability), hydration, solubility, bioavailability, and permeability, and (e) latest guidelines of the US FDA and EMA opening new opportunities and challenges.

CNN Fixations: An Unraveling Approach to Visualize the Discriminative Image Regions.

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the computer vision research and have seen unprecedented adoption for multiple tasks, such as classification, detection, and caption generation. However, they offer little transparency into their inner workings and are often treated as black boxes that deliver excellent performance. In this paper, we aim at alleviating this opaqueness of CNNs by providing visual explanations for the network's predictions.