Concurrent protective and destructive signaling of JNK2 in neuroblastoma cells.

Investigation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) has mainly focused on their response to stress and their pro-apoptotic effects. In this regard, JNKs are crucial mediators of chemotherapy-induced killing of tumor cells. Importantly, however, JNKs also have physiological functions in cancer involving cell cycle regulation or oncogenesis.