A high-resolution voxel phantom of the breast for dose calculations in mammography.

Though mammography is one of the most sensitive methods to detect breast cancer, the benefit of the mammography screening programmes is still not clearly proven. One of the reasons is the radiation dose delivered by the examinations. Simulations of the radiation transport based on realistic breast phantoms are a useful tool to estimate the dose for the risk relevant parenchymal tissue.

Skill dependence of radiation exposure for the orthopaedic surgeon during interlocking nailing of long-bone shaft fractures: a clinical study.

Introduction: The objective of this clinical trial was to determine whether there is a skill dependence for the total amount of radiation exposure to orthopaedic surgeons caused by fluoroscopy during intramedullary fracture fixation.

Materials And Methods: Surgical teams were assigned to either the 'Senior group' or the 'Junior group' according to their professional qualification and clinical appointment. Twenty-two long-bone shaft fractures were stabilized with intramedullary nails.

The GSF family of voxel phantoms.

Voxel phantoms are human models based on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance images obtained from high-resolution scans of a single individual. They consist of a huge number of volume elements (voxels) and are at the moment the most precise representation of the human anatomy. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the GSF voxel phantoms, with emphasis on the new ones and highlight their characteristics and limitations.