Association of Age-Related Spontaneous Internal Jugular Vein Reflux with Cognitive Impairment and Incident Dementia.

Background: It remains unclear whether changes in the venous circulation contribute to cognitive decline.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify whether the spontaneous jugular vein reflux (JVR) is associated with cognitive impairment and incident dementia.

Methods: Patients with any evidence of cerebral vessel disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consecutively enrolled between October 2015 to July 2019.

Impaired Endothelial Function in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.

Background: Impairment of endothelial function is associated with atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation, and could underlie several types of ischemic stroke. Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) recently attracted much attention as the major cause of cryptogenic stroke. This study aimed to clarify the endothelial function of patients with ESUS.

Differences in Endothelial Function between Ischemic Stroke Subtypes.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of ischemic stroke. However, the relationship between endothelial function and stroke subtypes has not been thoroughly examined.

Methods: We measured the percentage of brachial flow-mediated vasodilatation (%FMD) in 62 patients with chronic stroke and 13 age- and sex-matched control patients.