[THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG BRONCHIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY, BRONCHIAL HYPER REACTIVITY, AND BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS IN ASTOGRAPH].

Background: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness testing is useful for diagnosing and predicting the risk of bronchial asthma attacks. The Astograph is a tidal breathing method often used in as bronchial provocation testing in Japan. The minimum methachorine dose (Dmin) indicates bronchial sensitivity and is used mainly as an index of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

[A RESEARCH OF ADULT BRONCHIAL ASTHMATICS MANAGED UNDER YOKOHAMA CITY SEIBU HOSPITAL'S COORDINATED-CARE SYSTEM].

Background: Our hospital in the western part of Yokohama City managed adult bronchial asthma patients via a coordinated care system with primary care clinics. The aim of the system is to provide effective daily and emergency medical care.

Methods: The study comprised 288 adult stable asthmatics (201 women) who were examined at Yokohama City Seibu Hospital between Jan 2009 and May 2018 and who were being managed under our coordinated care system at one of 80 primary clinics or hospitals.

Untreated Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma May Contribute to the Occurrence of Hemophagocytic Syndrome.

A 44-year-old man presented at our hospital to be evaluated for persistent fever and dyspnea. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed diffuse ground glass shadows and a left hilar tumor shadow. Upon further examination, he was found to have leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels.

[CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT ASTHMATICS COMPLICATED WITH PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM IN YOKOHAMA CITY SEIBU HOSPITAL].

Background: Evidences have shown that bronchial asthma (BA) enhances the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). We previously reported the cases of adult BA patients complicated with PTE. (Aim) To clarify the risk factors of PTE in BA patients, we investigated about the characteristics and risk of contrast medium about patients coexisting asthma and PTE.

Relationships among bronchodilator reversibility, the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and the parameters of the forced oscillation technique in adult asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists combination.

In bronchial asthma, both airway inflammation and reversible airway narrowing require assessment and treatment. These two pathologies are treated primarily with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2 agonists (LABA), respectively. Therefore, ICS-LABA combinations are widely used to treat asthma.

Complicating effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the severity of adult asthma.

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are common causes of respiratory disturbance. Many cases of patients with both conditions have been reported, and BA and OSAS may exacerbate each other, but information remains sparse.We retrospectively evaluated 60 patients under treatment for BA in our department between April 2016 and March 2018 who also underwent portable polysomnography (PSG) for suspected OSAS to assess potential association between PSG results and asthma treatment or respiratory function.

[A CASE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ASSOCIATED WITH BRONCHIOLAR EOSINOPHILIA AND TREATED WITH MEPOLIZUMAB].

A 68 year-old woman with dyspnea and cough had been treated with inhaled corticosteroids for X-15 years, but her symptoms worsened in X year. High-resolution chest CT revealed small centrilobular nodules in the right upper lobe in March X year. The patient was diagnosed with asthma and diffuse panbronchiolitis and treated with inhaled corticosteroids, a long-acting beta agonist, and clarithromycin, but her condition did not improve and her peripheral blood eosinophil count increased.

[A CASE OF PERTUSSIS IN ADULT THAT COULD BE DIAGNOSED BY DETECTION OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS FROM SPUTUM].

Bordetella pertussis isolation by culture has low detection sensitivity for diagnosing pertussis; the diagnosis is confirmed by measuring serum anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) or anti-filamentous hemagglutinin antibody titers, and by genetic testing (polymerase chain reaction/loop-mediated isothermal amplification). Isolation of B. pertussis in adults is difficult, resulting in a delayed diagnosis, as a delayed cough may present ≥3 months after onset.

Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurement of Tracheal Cross-Sectional Areas in Relapsing Polychondritis: Correlations with Spirometric Values.

Background: Although tracheal stenosis occurs in relapsing polychondritis (RP), no studies exist that have clarified correlations between quantitative airway measurement and spirometry in RP patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the trachea and spirometric values in patients with RP.

Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and written informed consent was waived.

Exhaled breath analysis for lung cancer detection using ion mobility spectrometry.

Background: Conventional methods for lung cancer detection including computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy are expensive and invasive. Thus, there is still a need for an optimal lung cancer detection technique.

Methods: The exhaled breath of 50 patients with lung cancer histologically proven by bronchoscopic biopsy samples (32 adenocarcinomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 small cell carcinomas), were analyzed using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and compared with 39 healthy volunteers.

Effect of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, neo red cells, on hemorrhagic shock.

We examined the effects of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, neo red cells (NRCs), on hemorrhagic shock in a canine model. The dogs were divided into the three groups according to treatment. In group 1, composed of six dogs, NRCs were substituted for blood without shock being induced; in group 2, composed of six dogs, NRCs were administered immediately after mild shock had been induced by exsanguination through the vein; and in group 3, composed of seven dogs, NRCs were administered after they had been left untreated for 30 min inducing severe shock.

Coronary vascular bed perfusion with a polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin-encapsulated liposome, neo red cell, in rats.

Whether hemoglobin (Hb) encapsulated liposomes have vasoconstrictive activity remains controversial. We therefore examined the vascular activity of a liposome Hb, Neo red cell (NRC), in a simple in vitro model of Langendorff perfusion of the rat heart using Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution as the perfusate. In the KH solution, NRC (Hb at 1 mg/ml), however, induced an immediate and abnormal increase in perfusion pressure.

Liposome encapsulated hemoglobin as a resuscitation fluid for hemorrhagic shock.

The effectiveness of the blood substitute neo red cells (NRC) on hemorrhagic shock was evaluated in dogs. Shock was induced by bloodletting, and NRC was infused immediately until the dogs recovered from shock; the process was repeated 3 times (mild shock), or NRC was infused after shock was maintained for 30 min, and the process was repeated 3 times (severe shock). In mild shock, NRC with low viscosity reduced the peripheral vascular resistance and increased the cardiac index.

Effect of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin "neo red cells" on severe hemorrhagic shock.

We induced shock by exsanguination and administered Neo Red Cells (NRC) after 30 minutes to experimentally examine the efficacy of NRC on severe shock with respect to hemodynamics and oxygen transport capacity. Seven beagles were used for this experiment. After intravenous anesthesia, intratracheal intubation was performed, and inhalation of 50% oxygen was administered.

[Respiratory failure after surgery for esophageal cancer and hypercoagulability].

Operation of esophageal cancer accompanies a big surgical stress and postoperative pulmonary complications such as respiratory failure are observed at high frequencies. On the other hand, when a big stress is added to a body, a state of hypercoagulation in which blood coagulation mechanism is abnormally enhanced appears and this state is closely related to organ failures but has many unknown points. So, we examined 39 patients given excision of esophageal cancer with respect to occurrence of postoperative respiratory failures, participation of coagulopathy in aggravation and their degrees before and after the operation to find out the relationship between postoperative respiratory failure and the state of hypercoagulation.

Effect and safety of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin neo red cells (NRCs) as a perfusate for total cardiopulmonary bypass.

We developed a liposome encapsulated hemoglobin named Neo Red Cells (NRC), NRC (1) readily circulates, (2) shows a high oxygen transport efficiency, and (3) has a strong capsule membrane. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NRC as a priming solution for total cardiopulmonary bypass (TCPB) using a dog. The TCPB was started after removal of 57.

Effect of neo red cells on hemodynamics and blood gas transport in canine hemorrhagic shock and its safety for vital organs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin named "Neo Red Cells (NRC)" on canine hemorrhagic shock model and its safety for the vital organs in a whole blood exchange model. HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK: Nine adult mongrel dogs were used. Under mechanical ventilation inhaling room air, blood was withdrawn via an artery at a rate of 40 ml/min in order to induce hemorrhagic shock (systolic pressure below 60 mm Hg) and then NRC was transfused.

[Evaluation of factors aggravating and delaying recovery from postoperative hypercoagulable state in patients operated on for esophageal cancer].

When a living body is invaded to a high degree, a hypercoagulable state develops. The radical operation for esophageal cancer is known as a very high risk operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in detail the postoperative changes in platelet, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, in 34 patients operated on for esophageal cancer, and to clarify the factors contributing to both the aggravation and delay of recovery from the postoperative hypercoagulable state.

Oxygen transport capacity and hemodynamic effect of newly developed artificial blood "Neo Red Cells (NRC)".

The purpose of this study was to evaluate liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, named Neo Red Cells (NRC), on hemodynamics and oxygen-transport capacity in a blood exchange experiment. The experiment was carried out in nine mongrel dogs. Depending on the percentage of blood exchange with NRC, the animals were divided into two groups; Group I (4 animals with an exchange rate less than 88%), and Group II (5 animals with an exchange rate over 88%).

Study of effect of the newly developed artificial blood "Neo Red Cells (NRC)" on hemodynamics and blood gas transport in canine hemorrhagic shock.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the newly developed liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, named Neo Red Cells (NRC), in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. The particle size of NRC is 180 +/- 88 nm, the hemoglobin concentration is 5.6 g/dl, the viscosity is 2 cp and P50 is 49.

Effect of neo red cells on the canine hemorrhagic shock model.

This study evaluated the newly developed artificial red blood cells named Neo Red Cells (NRC) after hemorrhagic shock in mongrel dogs. NRC is prepared as microcapsules by a method in which stroma-free hemoglobin is encapsulated using a bimolecular lipid membrane called liposome. The particle size is 0.