Pivotal role of the synovioentheseal complex in the imaging of arthritis and rheumatic diseases.

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases. Although joints and periarticular tissue are commonly involved in rheumatic diseases, entheses further away from joints, such as in the Achilles tendon or plantar fascia insertion onto the calcaneus, as well as skin and subcutaneous tissue, are among other -sometimes overlooked- targets. The link of enthesitis, which describes inflammation at the insertions of ligaments, tendons, or joint capsules, with spondyloarthritis (SpA) was established just before the turn of the century as a characteristic feature based on imaging studies with histopathological correspondence.

Further expanding the phenotype of anti-Ku antibody associated disease in children and adolescents.

Anti-Ku autoantibodies are associated with several autoimmune inflammatory diseases. We aimed to review our anti-Ku positive pediatric patients in this study. Four pediatric patients (all female) who had anti-Ku positivity were included (Patients 1-2-3 with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM); Patient 4 with chronic urticaria).

Preferential involvement of the pelvis and hips along with active sacroiliitis in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: MRI of 97 patients from a single tertiary referral center.

Objective: To present MRI distribution of active osteitis in a single tertiary referral center cohort of patients with chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).

Methods: Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed MRI examinations of all patients with a final clinical diagnosis of CNO over 15 years. Sites of active osteitis at any time during the course of disease were divided into seven groups: (A) mandible, sternum, clavicles, or scapulas; (B) upper extremities; (C) subchondral sacrum and ilium immediately subjacent to sacroiliac joints (active osteitis denoting "active sacroiliitis" here); (D) pelvis and proximal 1/3 of femurs (excluding group C); (E) bones surrounding knees including distal 2/3 of femurs and 1/2 of proximal tibias and fibulas; (F) distal legs (including distal 1/2 of tibias and fibulas), ankles, or feet; (G) spine (excluding group C).

Chondro-osseous border in baby hip ultrasonography for developmental dysplasia of the hip: an indispensable litmus paper for the accuracy of scientific publications.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to use the chondro-osseous border (COB) as an indispensable assessment criterion to evaluate the quality of baby hip ultrasonography (US) images in the literature pertaining to the application of Graf's technique.

Materials And Methods: Our literature review search yielded 144 articles. Of these, 41 contained images that were stated to be based on the application of Graf's technique.

Glenoid Track Assessment at Imaging in Anterior Shoulder Instability: Rationale and Step-by-Step Guide.

Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common form of joint instability in humans, usually resulting in soft-tissue injury to the glenohumeral capsuloligamentous and labral structures. Bipolar bone lesions in the form of fractures of the anterior glenoid rim and posterolateral humeral head are often associated with anterior shoulder dislocation and can be a cause or result of recurrent dislocations. Glenoid track assessment is an evolving concept that incorporates the pathomechanics of anterior shoulder instability into its management.

Imaging in crush injury: a spectrum of findings in survivors of the twin earthquakes on February 6, 2023.

On February 6, two major earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.7 on the Richter scale hit Turkey and Northern Syria causing more than 50,000 deaths.

Sacroiliac joint involvement in osteochondromatosis: identifying its prevalence and characteristics from cross-sectional imaging.

Purpose: Apart from a few case reports, sacroiliac joint (SIJ) involvement in osteochondromatosis has not been studied. We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of such involvement using cross-sectional imaging.

Methods: In this retrospective study, three observers (one junior radiologist and two musculoskeletal radiologists) independently reviewed computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients in our database who had osteochondromatosis (≥2 osteochondromas across the skeleton) for SIJ involvement.

A snapshot of teleradiology practice in Turkey: the results of a survey among radiologists.

Purpose: This study featured a survey that offers a snapshot of various teleradiology practices in Turkey, a Group of Twenty country that has undertaken a major transformation of its health care system during the last two decades and is currently the world leader in terms of the combined number of per capita magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography examinations performed (which represent the bulk of teleradiology services worldwide).

Methods: The study data was collected from 4736 Turkish Society of Radiology (TSR) members via an electronic platform in the web environment through a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions. The survey was conducted in a 3-month time window (March-May 2021).

Determinants of in-hospital muscle loss in acute ischemic stroke - Results of the Muscle Assessment in Stroke Study (MASS).

Background & Aims: There is a change in the mass and composition of paretic and non-paretic skeletal muscles in the chronic phase of stroke. The multi-center, prospective, and observational Muscle Assessment in Stroke Study (MASS) was performed to evaluate the degree of muscle loss during the in-hospital acute stroke setting and determine factors contributing to this loss.

Methods: Acute dysphagic ischemic stroke patients (n = 107) admitted to neuro-intensive care units were evaluated by computed tomography on days 1 and 14 after admission to determine the cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) at the level of the mid-humerus, mid-thigh, and third lumbar vertebra.

Imaging Osteomyelitis: An Update.

Background: Hematogenous osteomyelitis has increased over the past quarter century in frequency, virulence, and degree of soft-tissue involvement, bringing about changes in clinical manifestations and management of the disease especially in children that should be reflected in the current imaging approach. Likewise, the global disease burden of diabetes has increased greatly in the same period, compounding the problem of ascertaining osteomyelitis in diabetic foot.

Method: This article provides an updated overview of imaging findings in hematogenous and contiguous osteomyelitis based on the literature and our institutional experience, along with salient features of recent recommendations from expert groups on the diagnostic algorithms and reporting terminology.

A Child with Refractory and Relapsing Anti-3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Myopathy: Case-Based Review.

Background/objective: Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) myopathy is rare in children. Here, we present a boy with relapsing refractory anti-HMGCR myopathy along with a systematic literature review.

Case Report: 17-year-old boy with five years of muscle weakness, rash, high creatinine kinase (CK) levels, and muscle biopsy compatible with inflammatory myopathy was diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis.

Optimization of the Grashey View Radiograph for Critical Shoulder Angle Measurement: A Reliability Assessment With Zero Echo Time MRI.

Background: Suboptimal positioning on Grashey view radiographs may limit the prognosticating potential of the critical shoulder angle (CSA) for shoulder disorders.

Purpose: To investigate whether radiography optimized according to the latest research is reliable for measuring CSA in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) featuring 3-dimensional (3D) zero echo time (ZTE) sequencing, which accentuates the contrast between cortical bone and surrounding soft tissue with high fidelity.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Zero Echo Time Musculoskeletal MRI: Technique, Optimization, Applications, and Pitfalls.

Zero echo time (ZTE) imaging is an MRI technique that produces images similar to those obtained with radiography or CT. In ZTE MRI, the very short T2 signal from the mineralized trabecular bone matrix and especially cortical bone-both of which have a low proton density (PD)-is sampled in a unique sequence setup. Additionally, the PD weighting of the ZTE sequence results in less contrast between soft tissues.

MRI in the Diagnosis and Treatment Response Assessment of Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Children and Adolescents.

Purpose Of Review: To explain the central role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in children and adolescents, centering on practical technical aspects and salient diagnostic features.

Recent Findings: In the absence of conclusive clinical features and widely accepted laboratory tests, including validated disease biomarkers, MRI (whether targeted or covering the entire body) currently plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and therapy response assessment of CNO. Whole-body MRI, which is the reference imaging standard for CNO, can be limited to a short tau inversion recovery (STIR) coronal image set covering the entire body and a STIR sagittal set covering the spine, an approximately 30-min examination with no need for intravenous contrast or diffusion-weighted imaging.

A Novel Physical Examination Test for Ischiofemoral Impingement: Validation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to propose and validate a novel physical examination test for ischiofemoral impingement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlation.

Methods: We prospectively studied 24 women with buttock (deep gluteal) pain and 27 asymptomatic women. Each group underwent a 2-stage physical examination test that featured hip adduction-external rotation-extension and knee flexion.

Different Attenuation Models of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Musculoskeletal Tumors.

Background: Several functional imaging techniques, including monoexponential diffusion-weighted imaging (m-DWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis (DK) imaging, have been used in differentiating benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors. Combining all three techniques in the same study population may improve differentiation.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of m-DWI, IVIM, and DK models and their combinations in differentiating benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors.

TSR guidelines for the practice of teleradiology: 2021 update.

This update of Turkish Society of Radiology's (TSR) guidelines for the practice of teleradiology is intended to provide a reference framework for all parties involved in delivering imaging services away from the immediate vicinity of the patient. It includes relevant definitions and general principles, features organizational modes and qualifications of the practicing parties, lists technical issues, and addresses such management and legal aspects as archiving and documentation, security and privacy, reliability, responsibilities, quality inspection and improvement, reimbursement and accountability.

Machine learning identifies factors related to early joint space narrowing in dysplastic and non-dysplastic hips.

Objectives: To utilise machine learning, unsupervised clustering and multivariate modelling in order to predict severe early joint space narrowing (JSN) from anatomical hip parameters while identifying factors related to joint space width (JSW) in dysplastic and non-dysplastic hips.

Methods: A total of 507 hip CT examinations of patients 20-55 years old were retrospectively examined, and JSW, center-edge (CE) angle, alpha angle, anterior acetabular sector angle (AASA), and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were recorded. Dysplasia and severe JSN were defined with CE angle < 25 and JSW< 2 mm, respectively.

Spinal involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: what do we miss without imaging?

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) has been one of the most controversial subtypes of JIA with a higher risk of axial involvement.  Our aim was to assess the frequency and spectrum of MRI findings of spine involvement in patients with JIA and determine if the axial involvement is always clinically symptomatic in patients with positive MRI findings.

Diffusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of Ewing sarcoma from osteosarcoma.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional observational study included a total of 35 patients with a recent diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma (n = 13) and osteosarcoma (n = 22) who underwent conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Three ADC measurements from the areas of the lowest diffusivity in ADC maps (ADC), and other areas with low diffusivity (ADC), were made independently by two observers on pre-treatment MRI, and the means of these measurements were compared using independent samples t-test.