Dextran coatings for aggregation control of layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte microcapsules.

We propose dextran and dextran polyaldehyde (DPA) coatings for modification of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polyelectrolyte microcapsules which provide stability against aggregation in 0.75 M aqueous solutions of mono- and bivalent ions (Na(+), Cl(-), Ca(2+), HPO(4)(2-)). The microcapsules were prepared of three bilayers of poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine) (PAH).

Lateral versus perpendicular segregation in mixed polymer brushes.

Grafting of incompatible polymers on a substrate prevents macrophase separation and the chains self-assemble laterally. Mixed brushes are exposed to different solvents and the morphology is observed via atomic force and x-ray photoemission microscopy. In a nonselective solvent the different species segregate into parallel cylinders ("ripple structure").

[Value of roentgenological embolization of the splenic artery in the complex treatment of liver cirrhosis].

The authors share their experience with splenectomy, spleen artery ligation and its roentgen embolization in 110 patients with liver cirrhosis. Advantages of embolization ++ under roentgenological control are proved for the correction of hypersplenism, in preparing the patients to operations on the liver with using the methods of stimulation of reparative regeneration.

[Surgical treatment of papillo- and duodenopancreatitis].

Variants and results of the surgical treatment of 50 patients are presented. In 25 of them the pathology of the pancreas was due to the altered function of the major duodenal papilla, 19 patients had dysfunction of the duodenum and in 6 cases only it was of primary character. Transplantation of the common bile duct was performed in papillopancreatitis, in duodenopancreatitis--the duodenum was by-passed for the food passage.

[Treatment procedure in complicated duodenal diverticula].

The authors share their experience with the treatment of 18 patients. Most of them (10) sought medical aid for complications. The authors consider resection of the stomach to be ineffective for the exclusion of the diverticulum of the duodenum.

[Deeply rooted principles of the surgical treatment of inguinal hernia and their shortcomings].

On the basis of a great clinical material the authors make an analysis of typical errors in the surgical treatment of inguinal hernias. The main of them was the absence of an individual approach to choice of the operative method. Strengthening of only the frontal wall of the inguinal canal is one of the causes of recurrences.

[Treatment of nonpenetrating spleen injuries].

On the basis of the experience with the treatment of 100 patients with the ruptured spleen (in 44 of them the injury was associated with injuries of other organs of the abdominal cavity, skeleton bones or cranio-cerebral traumas) the authors recommend to use organ-preserving operations more often (in 42-46% of the patients). A technique of one of the operations--a compression ("hammering") of the spleen by a peritoneum grafts--is described.

[Injuries to the duodenum].

Literature data on 294 patients with injuries of the duodenum and 24 personal observations were analyzed in order to reveal the localization and character of the injuries, surgical interventions, complications and outcomes of damages of this organ. Injuries of the duodenum, especially of its retroperitoneal portions, were found to be more frequent. Reserves for improving results of the treatment were shown to be in better diagnosing and performing operations with minimum amount of anastomoses, careful drainage of the retroperitoneal space, aspiration of the gastro-intestinal content.

[Treatment experience with the author's method for inguinal hernias difficult to eliminate].

The strength of tissues sutured by different methods of plasty of the inguinal canal walls, the value of load on the sutured tissues as well as the efficacy of the plasty in direct hernias, oblique hernias with straightened canal and recurrent inguinal hernias were studied in 202 patients. The author's method for the strengthening of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and the area of the deep ring by means of the tenia of aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle enables the tissue to be sutured firmly with minimum load. Good remote results were obtained in 90% of cases.