Protecting the Safe Water Chain in Refugee Camps: An Exploratory Study of Water Handling Practices, Chlorine Decay, and Household Water Safety in South Sudan, Jordan, and Rwanda.

In refugee and internally displaced person settlements, hygienic water handling and free residual chlorine (FRC) are crucial for protecting water against recontamination after distribution up to the household point-of-consumption. We conducted a secondary analysis of water quality and water handling data collected in refugee camps in South Sudan, Jordan, and Rwanda using statistical and process-based modeling to explore how water handling practices affect FRC decay and household FRC outcomes. The two practices that consistently produced a significant effect on FRC decay and household FRC were storing water in direct sunlight and transferring water between containers during household storage.

Endoscopic Significance of Incidental Upper Gastrointestinal Wall Thickness Detected on Computed Tomography Scans.

Background Incidental upper gastrointestinal wall thickness (GIWT) is a nonspecific finding often observed on computed tomography (CT) scans performed to investigate patients admitted with various symptoms both gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI. Its clinical significance is uncertain, and patients often undergo endoscopic evaluation under an urgent cancer pathway to exclude malignancy. We aimed to conduct this study to determine how well the CT findings correlated endoscopically.

Exploring Therapeutic Strategies for Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: An In-Depth Comparative Review.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that profoundly affects the respiratory and digestive systems, particularly in pediatric patients. This comprehensive review aims to conduct a comparative analysis of various treatment modalities employed in the management of CF in children. We systematically evaluated current literature focusing on pharmacological interventions, airway clearance techniques, nutritional management, and emerging therapies, including gene therapy and personalized medicine.

Assessment of Optimal Treatment Strategies and Their Outcomes in T3N1 Rectal Cancers.

Background This study compares the outcomes of a surgery first vs a neoadjuvant treatment strategy in T3N1M0 rectal cancers. Methods This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for curative treatment of T3N1 rectal cancer. Patients with pre-treatment T3N1 and pathological T3N1 disease were included in the study.

The Current Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Detection of Its Complications: A Systematic Review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses complex gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, primarily Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), requiring precise imaging for effective diagnosis and management of complications. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current role of imaging modalities in diagnosing IBD and detecting related complications. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

A Deep Learning Based Intelligent Decision Support System for Automatic Detection of Brain Tumor.

Brain tumor (BT) is an awful disease and one of the foremost causes of death in human beings. BT develops mainly in 2 stages and varies by volume, form, and structure, and can be cured with special clinical procedures such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical mediation. With revolutionary advancements in radiomics and research in medical imaging in the past few years, computer-aided diagnostic systems (CAD), especially deep learning, have played a key role in the automatic detection and diagnosing of various diseases and significantly provided accurate decision support systems for medical clinicians.

Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Compared to Open Repair in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis.

This umbrella meta-analysis aims to investigate two surgical treatments for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open surgery repair (OSR). Our study aims to elucidate the 30-day mortality rate, reintervention rates, and aneurysm-related mortality in EVAR versus OSR for AAA.  We conducted a comprehensive assessment of meta-analyses ( = 34 articles) comparing EVAR and OSR for AAA.

The Complementary Roles of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy and Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.

Regenerative medicine, encompassing various therapeutic approaches aimed at tissue repair and regeneration, has emerged as a promising field in the realm of physical therapy. Aim: This comprehensive review seeks to explore the evolving role of regenerative medicine within the domain of physical therapy, highlighting its potential applications, challenges, and current trends. Researchers selected publications of pertinent studies from 2015 to 2024 and performed an exhaustive review of electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar using the targeted keywords "regenerative medicine", "rehabilitation", "tissue repair", and "physical therapy" to screen applicable studies according to preset parameters for eligibility, then compiled key insights from the extracted data.

Advancements in Targeted Therapies for the Management of Crohn's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex clinical condition characterized by persistent gastrointestinal inflammation that leads to episodes of flare-ups and subsequent healing. The treatment options for this disease are heterogeneous as its impact on different patients is also different. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recently approved drugs that specifically target certain pathways within cells that are involved in CD pathogenesis.

Comparative Analysis of Endoscope Obscuration With Utilization of an Endonasal Access Guide for Endonasal Skull Base Surgery.

Background And Objectives: In endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) for skull base pathologies, endoscope view obscuration remains a persistent, time-consuming, and distracting issue for surgeons and may result in increased operative time. The endonasal access guide (EAG) has been demonstrated as a possible adjunct to minimize these events. However, to date, there have been no comparative studies performed and the potential time savings by using EAGs have yet to be quantified.

Normotensive metabolic syndrome in Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channel type 1 Trpc1-/- mice.

Metabolic syndrome has become a global epidemic, affecting all developed countries and communities with growing economies. Worldwide, increasing efforts have been directed at curbing this growing problem. Mice deleted of the gene encoding Type 1 Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channel (Trpc1) were found to weigh heavier than controls.

The Complications of Osseous Reconstruction in the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the postoperative complications of the fibular free flap (FFF), scapula free flap (SFF), and osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) following osseous reconstruction in the head and neck.

Data Sources: PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane.

Review Methods: A literature search and systematic review were performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines.

Dialysis-Reversible Complete Heart Block Without Severe Metabolic Derangements.

We present the case of an elderly female who presented to the emergency department with dizziness. She was found to have an acute chronic kidney injury complicated by a complete heart block (CHB). She received a transvenous pacemaker and was taken for hemodialysis (HD) with complete resolution of her heart block.

Implementation of plant extracts for cheddar-type cheese production in conjunction with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy comparison.

Plant extracts have demonstrated the ability to act as coagulants for milk coagulation at an adequate concentration, wide temperatures and pH ranges. This research is focused on the use of different vegetative extracts such as Citrus aurnatium flower extract (CAFE), bromelain, fig latex, and melon extract as economical and beneficial coagulants in the development of plant-based cheddar-type cheese. The cheddar-type cheese samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis in comparison to controlled cheese samples made from acetic acid and rennet.

Constructing FeNiPt@C Trifunctional Catalyst by High Spin-Induced Water Oxidation Activity for Zn-Air Battery and Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

Developing cost-efficient trifunctional catalysts capable of facilitating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is essential for the progression of energy devices. Engineering these catalysts to optimize their active sites and integrate them into a cohesive system presents a significant challenge. This study introduces a nanoflower (NFs)-like carbon-encapsulated FeNiPt nanoalloy catalyst (FeNiPt@C NFs), synthesized by substituting Co ions with high-spin Fe ions in Hofmann-type metal-organic framework, followed by carbonization and pickling processes.

Unlocking the Potential of High Entropy Alloys in Electrochemical Water Splitting: A Review.

The global pursuit of sustainable energy is focused on producing hydrogen through electrocatalysis driven by renewable energy. Recently, High entropy alloys (HEAs) have taken the spotlight in electrolysis due to their intriguing cocktail effect, broad design space, customizable electronic structure, and entropy stabilization effect. The tunability and complexity of HEAs allow a diverse range of active sites, optimizing adsorption strength and activity for electrochemical water splitting.

Hydrogen from sewage sludge: Production methods, influencing factors, challenges, and prospects.

The rising global population and rapid industrialization have frequently resulted in a significant escalation in energy requirements. Hydrogen, renowned for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has garnered substantial interest as a fuel alternative to address the energy needs currently fulfilled by fossil fuels. Embracing such energy substitutes holds pivotal importance in advancing environmental sustainability, aiding in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions - the primary catalysts of global warming and climate fluctuations.

A hidden phase uncovered by ultrafast carrier dynamics in thin BiOSe.

BiOSe has attracted intensive attention due to its potential in electronics, optoelectronics, and ferroelectric applications. Despite that, there have only been a handful of experimental studies based on ultrafast spectroscopy to elucidate the carrier dynamics in BiOSe thin films. Besides, different groups have reported various ultrafast timescales and associated mechanisms across films of different thicknesses.

Surgical management of Rathke cleft cysts in pediatric patients: a single institution experience.

Objective: Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign, epithelial-lined sellar lesions that arise from remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct. Due to their rarity in the pediatric population, data are limited regarding the natural history and optimal management of growing or symptomatic RCCs. We present our institutional experience with the surgical management of RCCs.