Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide and naloxone combination on urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase level and kidney histology of rats exposed to severe hemorrhage.

Renal hypoperfusion which occurs in hemorrhagic shock creates an environment in which cellular injury and organ dysfunction can occur during the episode of shock as well as reoxygenation and reperfusion. At the same time, mast cell degranulation which is observed during hemorrhage may have an additional deleterious effect on the kidney. Twenty-two (Mus norvegicus albinos) rats (200-250 g) of either sex were used.