Clinical practice guidelines for management of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan 2024. Part 1: sepsis.

The Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (JSTH) published the first-ever disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) guidelines in 2009. Fifteen years later, the JSTH developed new guidelines covering DIC associated with various underlying conditions. These guidelines were developed in accordance with the GRADE system to determine the strength of the recommendations and certainty of the evidence.

Association Between IV Contrast Media Exposure and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Requiring Emergency Admission: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the association between IV contrast media CT and acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality among patients requiring emergency admission.

Design: In this retrospective observational study, we examined AKI within 48 hours after CT, renal replacement therapy (RRT) dependence at discharge, and in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT or nonenhanced CT. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching to adjust for confounders in the association between IV contrast media use and outcomes.

Efficacy of unfractionated heparin in patients with moderate sepsis-induced coagulopathy: An observational study.

Introduction: The 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in sepsis. However, observational studies suggest that anticoagulants as a whole may benefit severely ill sepsis patients with coagulopathy, but the optimal targets of unfractionated heparin remain unclear. This study investigated which sepsis patients could most benefit from unfractionated heparin.

In vitro regulation of gene expression of pregnancy-associated proteins and cytokines in bovine endometrial epithelial cells and bovine trophoblastic cells by infection with Neospora caninum.

Abortion caused by the parasite Neospora caninum is an important threat to the livestock industry worldwide. Trophoblasts and caruncular cells play major roles in initiating innate immune responses and controlling parasite infection at the fetal-maternal interface. In the present study, bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) and bovine trophoblastic (BT) cells treated with bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IFN-alpha (IFN-α) and IFN-tau (IFN-τ) followed by infection with N.

Efficacy of antithrombin administration for patients with sepsis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Aims: There have been inconsistent reports regarding the effect of antithrombin on sepsis; furthermore, there are limited reports on how dosage affects therapeutic efficacy. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of antithrombin for sepsis and a meta-regression analysis of antithrombin dosage.

Methods: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of adult patients with sepsis who received antithrombin.

A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing nonoperative and operative management of chest trauma with multiple rib fractures.

Background: Operative treatment of traumatic rib fractures for better outcomes remains under debate. Surgical stabilization of rib fractures has dramatically increased in the last decade. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness and safety of operative treatment compared to conservative treatment in adult patients with traumatic multiple rib fractures.

surface antigen 1 is a major determinant of the pathogenesis of neosporosis in nonpregnant and pregnant mice.

Introduction: NcSAG1 is one of most widely investigated antigens of in various research fields. Such studies demonstrated the proficiency of NcSAG1 in the regulatory process of parasite adhesion and invasion of host cells. Accordingly, the contribution of NcSAG1 to the pathogenesis of neosporosis can undoubtedly be extrapolated, but direct evidence is lacking.

Expression profile analysis of the transient receptor potential (TRPM) channel, a possible target of praziquantel in Schistosoma japonicum.

The WHO considers schistosomiasis, which is controlled by the mass administration of the drug praziquantel (PZQ), to be a neglected tropical disease. Despite its clinical use for over four decades, PZQ remains the only choice of chemotherapy against this disease. Regarding the previous studies that demonstrated that PZQ activates the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in Schistosoma mansoni (Sm.

Novel Y RNA-Derived Fragments Can Differentiate Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Hepatocellular Adenoma.

Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are common tumors, whereas hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare, benign tumors in dogs. The aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) plays a pivotal role in HCC tumorigenesis and progression. Among ncRNAs, micro RNAs have been widely researched in human HCC, but much less widely in canine HCC.

Early restricted oxygen therapy after resuscitation from cardiac arrest (ER-OXYTRAC): protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Cardiac arrest is a critical condition, and patients often experience postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) even after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Administering a restricted amount of oxygen in the early phase after ROSC has been suggested as a potential therapy for PCAS; however, the optimal target for arterial partial pressure of oxygen or peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO) to safely and effectively reduce oxygen remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to validate the efficacy of restricted oxygen treatment with 94%-95% of the target SpO during the initial 12 hours after ROSC for patients with PCAS.

Sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: an international estrangement of disease concept.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome characterized by widespread intravascular activation of coagulation, which can be caused by infectious and noninfectious insults, such as trauma, postcardiac arrest syndrome, and malignant diseases. At present, diagnosis and treatment of DIC clearly differ between Japan and Western countries; in Japan, DIC has long been considered a therapeutic target, and much evidence on DIC has been published. However, there has recently been no international consensus on whether DIC should be a therapeutic target with anticoagulant therapy.

Involvement of chemokine receptor CXCR3 in the defense mechanism against infection in C57BL/6 mice.

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is an important receptor controlling the migration of leukocytes, although there is no report regarding its role in infection. Herein, we investigated the relevance of CXCR3 in the resistance mechanism to infection in mice. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and CXCR3-knockout (CXCR3KO) mice were used in all experiments.

Effect of a systematic lung-protective protocol for COVID-19 pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation: A single center retrospective study.

The benefits of introducing a systematic lung-protective protocol for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) are unknown. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of introducing such a protocol in terms of mortality, duration of ventilation, and length of ICU stay. In this single-centre, retrospective, quality comparison study, we identified patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who received invasive ventilation in our ICU between February 2020 and October 2021.

Association of trauma severity with antibody seroconversion in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Background: Heparin administration can induce the production of anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies with platelet-activating properties, causing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Previous studies have suggested that trauma severity influences HIT immune responses, but their relationship has not been fully explained. This study aimed to clarify this association by multicenter prospective observational study.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during Infection.

The obligate intracellular parasite infects warm-blooded animals, including humans. We previously revealed through a whole-brain transcriptome analysis that infection with in mice causes immune response-associated genes to be upregulated, for instance, chemokines and chemokine receptors such as CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and its ligand CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10). Here, we describe the effect of CXCR3 on responses against infection in the mouse brain.

Toll-Like Receptor 2 is Involved in Abnormal Pregnancy in Mice Infected with During Late Pregnancy.

Infection with during pregnancy causes failure of pregnancy maintenance, resulting in fetal death, abortion, stillbirth, or premature birth, but the mechanism of disease onset remains unclear. Although Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and trophoblasts, the role of TLR2 in infection during pregnancy is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR2 in congenital toxoplasmosis using TLR2-deficient (TLR2) mice.

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020).

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock.

Age-Related Arteriolar Changes With Lipid and Amyloid Deposits in the Gonads of Dogs.

Arteriolar lesions with lipid and/or amyloid deposits are frequently detected in canine gonads by routine histopathologic examination; however, they have never been examined in detail. In the present study, a total of 139 testes/epididymides and 200 ovaries from 72 male (4 months to 14 years old) and 105 female (7 months to 16 years old) dogs were examined for arteriolar lesions. Arteriolar lesions were detected in 21 of 72 male dogs (29%) and 54 of 105 female dogs (51%).

Usability of the lateral decubitus position on four-dimensional ultra-low-dose computed tomography for the detection of localized pleural adhesion in the pulmonary apical region.

Background: Localized pleural adhesion (LPA) evaluation in the apical region is difficult even with four-dimensional ultra-low-dose computed tomography (4D-ULDCT) in the supine position due to smaller pleural movements.

Purpose: To assess usability of 4D-ULDCT in the lateral decubitus (LD) position for LPA detection in the apical region.

Material And Methods: Forty-seven patients underwent 4D-ULDCT of a single respiration cycle with 16-cm coverage of body axis in supine and LD positions with the affected lung uppermost.

Correlation between musculoskeletal structure of the hand and primate locomotion: Morphometric and mechanical analysis in prehension using the cross- and triple-ratios.

Biometric ratios of the relative length of the rays in the hand have been analyzed between primate species in the light of their hand function or phylogeny. However, how relative lengths among phalanges are mechanically linked to the grasping function of primates with different locomotor behaviors remains unclear. To clarify this, we calculated cross and triple-ratios, which are related to the torque distribution, and the torque generation mode at different joint angles using the lengths of the phalanges and metacarpal bones in 52 primates belonging to 25 species.