Applying autism screening research to real-world scenarios: a commentary on Sheldrick et al. (2023).

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to be a challenge despite universal screening efforts. One explanation is that screening tools have lower sensitivity and specificity than initial studies report when accounting for incomplete follow-up for all children screened. Sheldrick and colleagues used statistical modeling to demonstrate the impact on sensitivity and specificity when assumptions about the diagnostic outcome of children who do not pursue diagnostic evaluation are altered.

Leisure and social occupational choice within nursing home facilities in Ireland: Residents perspectives.

Background: National standards for nursing homes in Ireland require that residents are offered a choice of recreational and stimulating activities to meet their needs and preferences.

Aims/objectives: To investigate residents' perceptions of leisure and social occupational choice in nursing homes in Ireland to determine if occupational choice is facilitated.

Materials And Method: Qualitative-descriptive design - nursing home residents completed two semi-structured interviews that explored their experiences of leisure and social occupational engagement.

Psychometric properties of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in the United States.

Background: Prior research assessing the psychometric properties of the Global Psychotrauma Screen provided support for its internal consistency reliability, construct validity, convergent validity, and divergent validity in several international samples, but not specifically in a U.S. subsample.

Assessing Older Adults' Decision-Making Capacity for Independent Living: Practice Tensions and Complexities.

Decision-making capacity (DMC) is a salient issue due to increasing ageing populations and associated dementia-related diseases. Legislative and policy developments emphasise older adults' rights to participate in decision-making. Fifty-two occupational therapists working with older adults from a range of practice settings in Ireland participated in focus groups to discuss their contribution to multidisciplinary assessments of older adult's DMC for independent living.

Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The purpose of this trial was to test if the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS) lifestyle intervention, recently shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups, also improved glycaemic control in people with newly diagnosed screen-detected type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We screened 12,778 participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes using a fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). People with screen-detected type 2 diabetes were randomised in a parallel, three-arm, controlled trial with up to 46 months of follow-up, with a control arm (CON), a group-based lifestyle intervention of 6 core and up to 15 maintenance sessions (INT), or the same intervention with additional support from volunteers with type 2 diabetes trained to co-deliver the lifestyle intervention (INT-DPM).

Assessment of older adults' decision-making capacity in relation to independent living: A scoping review.

With a growing global ageing population, approaches to assess and support decision-making are becoming more pertinent. This scoping review aimed to identify and map current knowledge on assessment of older adults' decision-making capacity in relation to independent living. A five-stage scoping review framework was followed.

Project ECHO: Enhancing palliative care for primary care occupational therapists and physiotherapists in Ireland.

Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) uses videoconferencing technology to support and train healthcare professionals (HCPs) remotely. A 4-month fortnightly ECHO programme was developed and implemented to enhance palliative care provision by primary care therapists. Teaching and case-based discussions were facilitated by palliative care specialists.

Pneumonia in older adults.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to address the relevant issues surrounding older adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) today.

Recent Findings: Approximately 1 million people >65 years have CAP in the US per year, which is more than previously reported (or realized). Older adults are vulnerable to the increasing prevalence of viral CAP, as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emphasizes, but pneumococcus is still the most common pathogen to cause CAP.

Lifestyle Intervention With or Without Lay Volunteers to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in People With Impaired Fasting Glucose and/or Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nearly half of the older adult population has diabetes or a high-risk intermediate glycemic category, but we still lack trial evidence for effective type 2 diabetes prevention interventions in most of the current high-risk glycemic categories.

Objective: To determine whether a group-based lifestyle intervention (with or without trained volunteers with type 2 diabetes) reduced the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in populations with a high-risk glycemic category.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study was a parallel, 3-arm, group-based, randomized clinical trial conducted with up to 46 months of follow-up from August 2011 to January 2019 at 135 primary care practices and 8 intervention sites in the East of England.

Approaches for assessing decision-making capacity in older adults: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This review will identify and map existing evidence on current approaches to determining decision-making capacity in older adults. It will provide a summary of available evidence and policies and identify gaps in research.

Introduction: Assessment of decision-making capacity is emerging as an important issue in society and healthcare.

A novel 8.7-kb mitochondrial genome deletion accurately detects endometriosis in the plasma of symptomatic women.

To evaluate an 8.7-kb mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion as a potential biomarker of endometriosis. We tested the diagnostic accuracy of the 8.

Occupational therapy and decision-making capacity assessment: A survey of practice in Ireland.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to explore occupational therapy practices regarding decision-making capacity assessment and to examine factors that impact on engagement in this area.

Methods: Occupational therapists in Ireland were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online questionnaire.

Results: One hundred and seventy-two occupational therapists responded.

Monitoring flux in signalling pathways through measurements of 4EBP1-mediated eIF4F complex assembly.

Background: The most commonly occurring cancer mutations, including oncogenes such as MYC, Ras and PIK3C, are found in signal transductions pathways feeding into the translational machinery. A broad range of translation initiation factors are also commonly found to be either amplified or mis-regulated in tumours, including eIF4E (elongation initiation factor 4E). eIF4E is a subunit of the eIF4F protein initiation complex and required for its recruitment.

Evaluating the Influence of a Standardized Bedside Handoff Process in a Medical-Surgical Unit.

Background: Patient safety is a national and global concern. In the United States, medical errors result in more than 50,000 unnecessary patient deaths annually and contribute to billions of dollars in health care costs. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a standardized bedside handoff process and its influence in a medical-surgical unit.

Olanzapine/Fluoxetine combination in children and adolescents with bipolar I depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (OFC) for the acute treatment of bipolar depression in children and adolescents.

Method: Patients 10 to 17 years of age with bipolar I disorder (BP-I), depressed episode, baseline Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) total score ≥40, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≤15, and YMRS-item 1 ≤2 were randomized to OFC (6/25-12/50 mg/day olanzapine/fluoxetine; n = 170) or placebo (n = 85) for up to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment. The primary efficacy measure was mean change in CDRS-R using mixed-model repeated-measures methodology.

Obstetric outcomes and congenital abnormalities after in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Objective: To compare obstetric outcome and congenital abnormalities in pregnancies conceived after in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with those in spontaneously conceived controls.

Methods: Data were collected from the McGill Obstetrics and Neonatal Database (MOND). All children were examined and classified in a standard manner.

Maternal anthropometric risk factors for caesarean delivery before or after onset of labour.

Objective: To quantify the effects of pre-pregnancy body mass and gestational weight gain, above and beyond their known effects on birthweight, on the risk of primary and repeat caesarean delivery performed before or after the onset of labour.

Design: Hospital-based historical cohort study.

Setting: Canadian university-affiliated hospital.

Effect of prepregnancy body mass index categories on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Objectives: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study comparing prepregnant BMI categories with obstetrical and neonatal outcomes using the McGill Obstetrical and Neonatal Database on all deliveries in 10 year period (1987-1997). Prepregnant BMI was categorized into underweight (<20), normal (20-24.

Obstetrical factors related to nuchal cord.

Background: To investigate the intrapartum factors related to umbilical cord nuchal loops (nuchal cord) with particular reference to shoulder dystocia.

Methods: We studied all singleton pregnancies with a vertex presentation and a birth weight of at least 2500 g from 1 January 1978 to 31 March 1997 and the 13,717 pregnancies with nuchal cord were compared to the 44,136 without nuchal cord.

Results: When compared to pregnant women without nuchal cord, a greater proportion of pregnant women with nuchal cord underwent induction of labor (adjusted OR 1.

Outcome of neonates less than 30 weeks gestation with histologic chorioamnionitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term outcome of newborns less than 30 weeks gestation when there is definite placental histologic chorioamnionitis. A retrospective analysis was performed of records of all neonates delivered at our institution from January 1989 through January 1999. This information was retrieved from our perinatal database and pathology database.

Determinants and consequences of discrepancies in menstrual and ultrasonographic gestational age estimates.

Objectives: To assess the association between maternal and fetal characteristics and discrepancy between last normal menstrual period and early (<20 weeks) ultrasound-based gestational age and the association between discrepancies and pregnancy outcomes.

Design: Hospital-based cohort study.

Setting: Montreal, Canada.

Obstetric implications of low-lying placentas diagnosed in the second trimester.

Objectives: To determine the obstetrical outcome of pregnancies initially complicated by a low-lying placenta in the second trimester.

Methods: We reviewed the obstetric outcome of all women with singleton deliveries from 1 January 1997 to 31 March 1999 and compared the 703 women with low-lying placentas (placentas in the lower uterine segment) with the 6938 women with placentas that were normally situated in the upper uterine segment at 16-22 weeks' gestation.

Results: Pregnancies complicated by a low-lying placenta in the second trimester were not associated with antepartum hemorrhage, preterm births, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction or cesarean births.

Why are babies getting bigger? Temporal trends in fetal growth and its determinants.

Objectives: To describe temporal trends in fetal "growth" and to examine the roles of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and other determinants.

Study Design: Hospital-based cohort study of 61,437 nonmalformed singleton live births at 22 to 43 weeks' gestational age. Four main measures were examined: (1) birth weight, (2) birth weight-for-gestational-age Z score, (3) small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and (4) large-for-gestational age (LGA), with the latter 3 measures based on a recently developed population-based Canadian reference.