[The mechanism of breathing under the conditions of prolonged voluntary hyperventilation].

Effects of voluntary hyperventilation (2 h, 70-80% of maximal lung ventilation) on external breathing, gas exchange and blood circulation were studied in 12 healthy male volunteers. Hyperventilation was shown to change structure of the respiratory cycle as variation and expiration time were decreased. Indices of the external breathing did not reduce but, on the contrary, there was a significant increase in the alveolar ventilation and a reduction in the dead space ventilation.

[Radiation protective efficacy of alpha-adrenomimetics during local gamma irradiation of the skin].

In experiment with mice and rats radioprotective properties of direct alpha-adrenomimetic drugs: indraline, mesaton (phenylephrine) and naphthyzine (naphazoline) have been investigated by local early and late radiation injuries. The drugs were S. C.

[The role of cell hypoxia in the effect of radiation protectors].

In experiment with mice, rats and dogs the intimate relationship has been established between radioprotective efficiency of indraline, cystamine and mexamine and its properties to enhance succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) activity of blood lymphocytes (r = 0.95). In that analysis modifying effect of normobaric hyperoxia has been estimated.

[Professional vision of flying personnel in the context of occupational health].

A conceptual strategy of increasing tolerance to the unfavorable factors of flyer's profession is specifically aimed at keeping-up professional vision. The reason for this strategy is associated with the need to develop an integrated system of expert-prognostic, ophthalmoergonomic, psychophysiologic, functional and rehabilitative measures with the goal to enhance the visual performance and to prolong the professional longevity of flyers. The paper offers deliberations on the concept of "professional vision of a pilot".

[Principles and methods of evaluation of radiation risk and pilots' health in accidents of nuclear power objects].

The article deals with methodic approaches to health state evaluation of pilots who participated in liquidation of events following accidents at nuclear power objects. The main approaches are indeterminancy principle for late radiation effects, economic approach to evaluation of radiation risk, principle of risks comparison, consideration of summarized effect of environmental factors, etc. Some authors' viewpoints are presented.

[Methodologic approaches to solving problems concerning development and improvement of means protecting against detrimental ecological factors].

The article covers scientific and applied aspects of ergonomic (physiologic, hygienic, engineering and psychologic) improvement of protective and salvage means for aviation specialists in up-to-date ecologic circumstances. The authors justify and present a concept of higher ergonomic efficiency of those means when exposed to combined hazards. The concept suggests possibility of considerably increased occupational readiness and occupational health in aviation specialists owing to more complete consideration of operator's personal characteristics.

[Quantitative ranges and methods of evaluation of occupational reliability of aviation specialists].

The authors present concept of occupational reliability of an operating human. The concept is based on systemic approach to analysis of erroneous acts as results of stochasticity of inner human traits and outer interferences. The authors justify universal, systemic criterion to analyze reliability of occupational activities (potential unreliability of acts).

[Public and occupational health and industrial ecology].

The authors present results of theoretic and experimental analysis of ecologic safety in Russia. New composite discipline--"human ecology"--takes an important place in solution of medical and ecologic problems associated with correlation between natural and occupational factors influencing humans. Present medical, social and ecologic circumstances define the most vital scientific and applied directions covering medical and ecologic humanization of occupational and natural environment for humanity nowadays.

[The similarity and differences in the circadian fluctuations in the central nervous system reaction of animals to acute gamma radiation and alcohol exposures].

24-h fluctuations in the response of CNS (occurrence of the complex of neurological disorders) were studied in white rat males which were exposed to gamma radiation (Co-50, 62.5 Gy, craniocaudally) or injected alcohol (2.25 g/kg, 15% solution, i.

[Heliogeophysical factors and aviation accidents].

It was shown by two independent methods that there is a certain correlation between the number of aviation accidents and heliogeophysical factors. The statistical and spectral analyses of time series of heliogeomagnetic factors and the number of aviation accidents in 1989-1995 showed that, of 216 accidents, 58% are related to sudden geomagnetic storms. A similar relation was revealed for aviation catastrophes (64% out of 86 accidents) and emergencies (54% out of 130 accidents) that coincided in time with heliogeomagnetic storms.

[The state of one of the erythropoiesis regulatory mechanisms after ionizing radiation exposure].

New quantitative criteria of erythrocytes functional state, based on automated registration of acid erythrogramme parameters, have been proposed. Enwidened analysis of adaptive processes in rats erythropoietic system after ionizing radiation exposure (gamma-rays, 60Co, in doses 0.5; 1.

[Occupational medicine: health protection of liquidation specialists].

Taking long-term clinical and epidemiologic observation of rescue team (helicopter pilots) as an example, the authors defined principal concepts concerning prophylaxis, social security and rehabilitation of Chernobyl plant accident liquidators. Methodology and methods of the liquidators' health care are discussed.

[Informative value of erythrocyte function in the assessment of ionizing radiation effect].

Proposed are new quantitative criteria of the functional state of erythrocytes based on automated recording parameters of the acid hemolysis erythrogram. Extended analysis of adaptation of the red blood system in rats exposed to ionizing radiation (60CO, 1.25 MeV, 0.

[From present day aviation medicine to aviation anthropologic ecology of the future].

Rationale is given to the proposition that aviation medicine including psychophysiology and ergonomics is a peculiar kind of aviation anthropoecology as a variety of the present-day integrative science of human. This is grounded, firstly, on analysis of any scientific finding of aviation medicine in the light of two principles of the contemporary occupational medicine, i.e.

[Radioprotective effectiveness of indralin in local gamma irradiation of the skin].

In experiment with mice radioprotective properties of indralin were investigated on local application of the substance at the site of the hind to be exposed to gamma-60Co-rays in the doses of 16.7-39.0 Gy at rate of the dose -1.

[Tissue basophils of the thyroid gland in separate and combined exposure to ionizing radiation and ethanol].

Experiments with male albino rats gave evidence that a single intraperitoneal injection of 15% ethanol at the doses of 0.28 and 2.25 g/kg resulted in enhanced elimination of biologically active substances by tissue basophils (TB) both due to intensified degranulation and greater number of TB in the thyroid gland.

[Protection of occupational health as an ergonomic problem].

The paper outlines the scientific and applied aspects of ergonomic improvement of the protection and salvation facilities for aircraft specialists under the present environmental conditions of their operation. A concept of ergonomic enhancement of the efficiency of these facilities under the combined influence of unfavourable factors is substantiated and forwarded, which envisages the possibility of improving professional skills and the preservation of the working capacity and occupational health of aircraft specialists by making a fuller account when the facilities are designed and the characteristics of an operator are examined. An analysis has been made of the methods which may be useful in evaluating the influence of environmental factors on the quality and tension of flying activities and in assessing the impact of introduction of ergonomic recommendations on the optimization of protective means against them.

[Improvement of protective and survival means as a current ecological-ergonomic problem in aviation].

Science and application aspects of the ergonomic enhancement of protective and survival means for aviation personnel under the present-day operational environment have been studied. Substantiated and presented is a concept of ergonomic enhancement of these means and possibly marked improvement of professional readiness, and maintenance of work capacity and occupational health of aviation personnel affected by a combination of adverse factors by way of a more thorough consideration of human operator's characteristics in the process of design and evaluation of protective means. Methods proposed for evaluation of environmental effects on and assessment of the ergonomic stimulation of the quality and intensity of flying activity have been analyzed.

[Advancement and goals of the aviation human engineering].

Analyzed were the efforts of the State Scientific-Research Test Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine to weigh and account the human factor in designing and upgrading avionics and aviation machinery. Described are the policy of human engineering support to the development, evaluation, and operation of aviation machinery, and the benefits from the human factor knowledge to the specifications for aviation machinery and allowance for the psychophysiological aptitudes of human on different phases of development of ergatic aviation systems. Outlined is the mainstream of ergonomic enhancement of the quality and safety, and humanization of the activities of different aviation specialists.

[The relation of circadian variations of heuristic behavior and CNS radioresistance in animals].

There has been studied the influence of g-radiation (60Co, 62.5 Gy, craniocaudal) on circadian dynamics of heuristic behaviour (the elements of rational-discriminative activity) of male white rats. There has been found equivocal nature of radiation action: mostly manifestations of some symptoms of neurologic disturbances observed in definite daily periods make difficult realizing behavioural act, but in the other cases such event is not observed (acrophases of both processes coincide).