HIV-1 inhibits haematopoiesis via microRNA secreted by virus-infected CD4+ T cells.

Introduction: HIV-1-infected patients develop haematological disorders such as cytopenias. One possible explanation is the inhibition of haematopoiesis at the level of differentiation of CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor stem cells. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesised that there may be viral encoded, or host cellular factors which participate in the process of inhibition of haematopoiesis.

Expression of domain III of the envelope protein from GP-78: a Japanese encephalitis virus.

Acute encephalitis caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) represents a growing epidemic and is a cause for concern in Southeast Asia. JEV is transmitted to humans through the bite of the mosquito species. The virus genome comprising of an RNA strand also encodes the envelope protein (E) which surrounds the virus.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Confers Neuroprotection in a Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis.

Objective: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a debilitating disease caused by infection with the JE virus (JEV; family: Flaviviridae), which leaves neurological sequelae in survivors but more often leads to mortality. Neurodegeneration caused by inflammation is the primary pathology behind the clinical manifestation of encephalitis caused by JEV. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used in immunoprophylaxis for tuberculosis and in the adjuvant therapy of many malignancies, and has exhibited neuroprotective activities in experimental models of Parkinson and Alzheimer disease.

Early cognitive impairment after sedation for colonoscopy: the effect of adding midazolam and/or fentanyl to propofol.

Background: The sedative drug combination that produces minimal cognitive impairment and optimal operating conditions during colonoscopy has not been determined. We sought to determine if the use of propofol alone results in less cognitive impairment at discharge than the use of propofol plus midazolam and/or fentanyl in patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy.

Methods: Two hundred adult patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to receive propofol alone or propofol plus midazolam, and/or fentanyl for IV sedation.

Propofol dose and incidence of dreaming during sedation.

Background And Objective: Dreaming is commonly reported after propofol-based sedation. We measured the incidence of dreaming and bispectral index (BIS) values in colonoscopy patients sedated with combinations of propofol, midazolam and fentanyl.

Methods: Two hundred patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy were sedated with combinations of propofol, midazolam and fentanyl.

Characterization of a selective inhibitor of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases: use in defining biological roles and metabolic relationships of inositol pyrophosphates.

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) phosphorylate inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP(6)) to yield 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-[PP]-InsP(5) or InsP(7)). In this study, we report the characterization of a selective inhibitor, N(2)-(m-(trifluoromethy)lbenzyl) N(6)-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine (TNP), for these enzymes. TNP dose-dependently and selectively inhibited the activity of IP6K in vitro and inhibited InsP(7) and InsP(8) synthesis in vivo without affecting levels of other inositol phosphates.