Topical cyclosporine A and interferon alpha-2b as adjuvants to surgery to decrease pterygium recurrence.

Background: Pterygium is very common in India and is usually removed by limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation (LCAT), which, despite being the first-line therapy, is still associated with recurrences of up to 18%.

Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and interferon (IFN) alpha-2b in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of pterygium.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with primary pterygium were randomized into two equal groups, Group C and Group I.

Comparison of topical steroids versus adjunctive intracameral triamcinolone versus posterior subtenon triamcinolone in pediatric cataract surgery.

Purpose: Prolonged postoperative topical corticosteroids are commonly given after pediatric cataract surgery to control inflammation. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy, safety, and compliance of postoperative topical steroids and adjunctive intracameral (I/C) triamcinolone acetonide (tricort) and posterior subtenon (PST) triamcinolone in modulating postoperative inflammation after surgery.

Methods: Forty-eight eyes of children with pediatric cataract between the ages of 5 and 10 years were randomized into three equal groups (T, I, S) before surgery.

A comparison of sutureless flanged fixation and 4-point Gore-Tex fixation for scleral-fixated intraocular lenses: a pilot study.

Purpose: Scleral-fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) provides an option for eyes that lack sufficient capsular support for in-the-bag IOL placement. The latest techniques for lens fixation include use of a novel suture material, Gore-Tex, and a sutureless method, with flanged intrascleral fixation. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare these methods in terms of anatomic and clinical outcomes.

Tubercular Osteomyelitis of the Orbit Presenting as Periorbital Cellulitis.

Purpose: Osteomyelitis of the orbital bones presenting as an orbital cellulitis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We report a rare case of tubercular osteomyelitis of the orbital bones presenting as a periorbital cellulitis.

Case Report: A seven-year-old female child presented to our tertiary eye care center with swelling involving the right eyelids and the right cheek for two months.

Comparison of Plusoptix S12R photoscreener with cycloplegic retinoscopy and autorefraction in pediatric age group.

Purpose: To compare refractive measurements of noncycloplegic photoscreener Plusoptix S12R with cycloplegic retinoscopy, noncycloplegic autorefractor, and cycloplegic autorefractor in children.

Methods: The study population (200 eyes of 100 children) was divided into two groups: Group 1 (age 3-7 years) and Group 2 (age 8-15 years). In Group 1, Plusoptix was compared with cycloplegic retinoscopy.

Comparison of Manual Capsulorhexis and 25-Gauge Vitrectorhexis in Pediatric Cataract Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To compare short-term visual outcomes (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]), visual axis opacification, anterior (ACCC) and posterior (PCCC) continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis size, shape, and extension, and their decentration between manual capsulorhexis and 25-gauge vitrectorhexis in pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: Thirty eyes of children aged 3 to 8 years with developmental cataract were randomly selected for ACCC and PCCC by manual capsulorhexis forceps and 25-gauge vitrectomy cutter followed by IOL implantation and limited anterior vitrectomy. The size of the ACCC and PCCC was measured intraoperatively with calibrated capsulorhexis forceps.

Effect of Cycloplegia on Optical Biometry in Pediatric Eyes.

Purpose: To study the effect of cycloplegia on optical biometry parameters in pediatric eyes using the Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland).

Methods: In this observational and comparative study, 56 normal eyes and 20 cataractous eyes in children between 5 and 15 years of age were included. Measurements were taken before and after cycloplegia using 2% homatropine drops.

Foveal neovascularization in a patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Retinal neovascularization in Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly seen at the optic disc and mid-periphery. It is rare at the fovea as the fovea is an avascular zone and there are very few case reports of foveal neovascularization in Type 1 DM. We report a case of unilateral foveal neovascularization in Type 2 DM.

Comparative Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness After Conventional Brilliant Blue Assisted Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Versus Brilliant Blue Selective Staining Using Whole Blood in Macular Hole Surgery.

Background And Objective: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after conventional brilliant blue (BB) assisted macular hole (MH) surgery versus BB selective staining using whole blood (WB) in MH surgery.

Patients And Methods: Sixty eyes with stage 4 idiopathic MH with a clear media were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A eyes underwent sequential intraoperative use of autologous heparinized WB followed by BB dye for staining internal limiting membrane, whereas eyes in group B were subjected to conventional BB staining.

Comparison of Transcorneal and Pars Plana Routes in Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Infants Using a 25-Gauge Vitrectomy System.

Purpose: To demonstrate and compare the performance of the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system via anterior (transcorneal) and posterior (pars plana) routes in congenital cataracts in infants.

Methods: In this prospective interventional study, 12 pediatric patients younger than 1 year with bilateral congenital cataract were included to undergo cataract surgery with posterior vitreorhexis and limited anterior vitrectomy using a 25-gauge vitrectomy system. One eye of each patient was operated on by the anterior (transcorneal) route and the other by the posterior (pars plana) route.

Comparison of Goldmann applanation tonometer, Tono-Pen and noncontact tonometer in children.

Background: To evaluate the agreement of Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) with Tono-Pen and noncontact tonometer (NCT) for measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in pediatric age group and to evaluate the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP measured with the tonometers used.

Materials And Methods: IOP was measured in 200 eyes in a group of Indian children, aged between 8 and 18 years using three different tonometers: NCT, the Tono-Pen and GAT. All IOP readings were made in the office settings by the same examiner.

A rare case of delayed onset capsular block syndrome managed using 25-gauge vitrector.

We report a case of delayed onset capsular block syndrome in a patient 6 years after undergoing cataract surgery. Ocular examination revealed marked diminution of vision accompanied with a collection of milky fluid between the intraocular lens and posterior capsule. To treat and to understand the pathology of the condition, aspiration of fluid using 25-gauge vitrector through pars plana was done, and contents sent for microbiological analysis which did not reveal any growth.

Intravitreal Diclofenac in the Treatment of Macular Edema Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the effect of a single dose of intravitreal diclofenac on macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Patients And Methods: In this prospective, interventional case series, 15 eyes with BRVO and ME with central macular thickness (CMT) greater than 250 µm on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were enrolled. All patients were given 0.

Bilateral optic disc pit with maculopathy in a patient with cleft lip and cleft palate.

Optic disc pit (ODP) is small, gray-white, oval depression found at the optic nerve head. It is a congenital defect that occurs due to imperfect closure of superior edge of the embryonic fissure. Cleft lip and palate are also congenital midline abnormalities occurring due to defect in the fusion of frontonasal prominence, maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence.

The Optical Performance of Spherical and Aspheric Intraocular Lenses in Pediatric Eyes: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: To compare the optical performance of aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed to correct the corneal spherical aberration versus spherical IOLs in pediatric eyes after cataract surgery.

Methods: In this prospective study, 40 eyes of patients 6 to 16 years old with developmental cataract were randomly assigned to receive a spherical IOL or an aspheric IOL after pediatric cataract surgery. At 3 months postoperatively, the outcomes compared between the two groups were best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberrometry.

Central retinal artery occlusion as an iatrogenic complication of treatment of central giant cell granuloma of the mandible.

Although intralesional steroid injection as a management option for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the mandible is considered safe, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a dreaded and previously unreported complication of this treatment modality. The present report discusses an iatrogenic case of CRAO that occurred during treatment of CGCG of the mandible. This complication occurred because of high injection pressure, which led to the opening of an anastomosis between the external and internal carotid arteries, leading to retrograde migration of steroid particles.

Inverted mucoepidermoid papilloma of conjunctiva in a child.

Inverted papillomas are benign epithelial tumors usually arising from the mucous membrane of the sinonasal cavity and the urinary tract. Similar tumors of the conjunctiva are much rarer. We describe a case of juxtalimbal inverted papilloma in an 11-year-old boy who presented with a pigmented lesion that simulated a conjunctival nevus.

Full-thickness macular hole in Bartonella henselae neuroretinitis in an 11-year-old girl.

Cat scratch disease is a febrile illness caused by Bartonella henselae and is associated with rash at the site of cat bite or scratch and regional lymphadenopathy. Various ocular manifestations of cat scratch disease have been described, mainly retinochoroiditis, optic disc swelling, neuroretinitis, vascular occlusive events, serous retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, intermediate uveitis, inflammatory lesions of the optic nerve head and rarely full thickness macular hole. We describe a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms, with B.

Ocular findings in a case of periorbital giant congenital melanocytic nevus.

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a large melanocytic nevus that rarely occurs in the periorbital region. Various systemic, as well as ophthalmic associations, have been reported with GCMN. However, there is only one case report describing ophthalmic findings in periorbital GCMN.

Parry-Romberg syndrome studied by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy. Ophthalmic findings are characterized by enophthalmos, strabismus, nerve palsies, anisometropia, glaucoma, and angle abnormalities. Vision loss has also been reported due to retinal changes such as venous dilatation, disc edema, retinal edema, and retinal folds.