Visceral Adiposity Index as an Indicator for Menstrual Disturbance, Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Background: Increase in visceral adiposity is characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and is the main cause of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. This study tried to compare the visceral adiposity index (VAI) in PCOS women and control population, thereby exploring its correlation with ovarian morphology, hormonal and metabolic dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Reproductive-age women who fulfilled the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS constituted the cases.

What does it take to achieve microelimination of hepatitis C among incarcerated individuals in Haryana, India?

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Intramyometrial Pregnancy Presenting as Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Perimenopausal Female.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is frequently encountered in the gynecological complaint of perimenopausal female visiting the outpatient department. Beginning in mid-40s, perimenopause is often marked with menstrual irregularities. Intramyometrial pregnancy (IMP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of <1% of all ectopic gestation may present as AUB in perimenopausal female.

Oral health awareness and practices in pregnant females: A hospital-based observational study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health awareness, methods adopted to maintain hygiene, prevalent myths regarding oral health in pregnancy, and importance of oral health during pregnancy, to help formulate oral health program for pregnant females in partaking hospital.

Materials And Methods: A total of 225 pregnant females participated in the study. After complete demographic assessment of participants, a questionnaire was provided to them.

Reference centile charts of first-trimester aneuploidy screening & Doppler parameters for Indian population.

Background & Objectives: The risk estimation for foetal aneuploidies in the first trimester of pregnancy uses reference curves based on western data. The objective of this study was to construct the reference curves of first-trimester foetal aneuploidy screening parameters for the Indian women.

Methods: : Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1204 singleton pregnancies between the crown-rump length (CRL) of 40-84 mm.

First-Trimester Inflammatory Markers for Risk Evaluation of Pregnancy Hypertension.

Introduction: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the potential causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It complicates 7-10% of pregnancies. As of today, prediction of pregnancy hypertension is not possible.

First-trimester reference centiles of fetal biometry in Indian population.

Aim And Objective: To create crown-rump length (CRL)-based biometric chart for fetus in the first trimester among the Indian population.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 400 singleton pregnancies between 11 and 14 weeks gestation with a normal outcome. Linear regression models were constructed; the mean and SD were derived as a function of CRL.

Quantitative assessment of CD44 genetic variants and cancer susceptibility in Asians: a meta-analysis.

CD44 is a well-established cancer stem cell marker playing a crucial role in tumor metastasis, recurrence and chemo-resistance. Genetic variants of CD44 have been shown to be associated with susceptibility to various cancers; however, the results are confounding. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify these associations more accurately.

Role of maternal factors, PAPP-A, and Doppler in screening for early- and late-onset pregnancy hypertension in Asian population.

Objective: To determine the predictive value of biochemical markers, uterine artery Doppler, and maternal factors in predicting early-onset (EO) and late-onset (LO) pregnancy hypertension.

Methodology: All singleton pregnancies between 11 and 13 weeks and 6 days gestation underwent estimation of body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery Doppler pulsatality index (PI, and resistance index), biomarker PAPP-A, and free β-hCG. Women who developed hypertension were treated as cases and normotensives were taken as controls.

Association study of inflammatory genes with rheumatic heart disease in North Indian population: A multi-analytical approach.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease; occurring as a consequence of group A streptococcal infection complicated by rheumatic fever (RF). An inappropriate immune response is the central signature tune to the complex pathogenesis of RHD. However, some of those infected develop RHD, and genetic host susceptibility factors are thought to play a key role in diseasedevelopment.

Impact of DCC (rs714) and PSCA (rs2294008 and rs2976392) Gene Polymorphism in Modulating Cancer Risk in Asian Population.

Multiple studies have investigated the association of gene variant of Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) and Prostate Stem cell antigen (PSCA) with various cancer susceptibility; however, the results are discrepant. Since SNPs are emerging as promising biomarker of cancer susceptibility, here, we aimed to execute a meta-analysis of DCC (rs714 A > G) and PSCA (rs2294008 C > T, rs2976392 G > A) polymorphism to demonstrate the more accurate strength of these associations. We followed a rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria and calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Early prediction of hypertension during pregnancy in a low-resource setting.

Objective: To evaluate the role of maternal factors, biomarkers, and uterine-artery Doppler in the prediction of hypertension during pregnancy.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed between December 2012 and November 2014. All singleton pregnancies between 11 weeks and 13 weeks, 6 days of pregnancy were included.

Effect of intrapartum oropharyngeal (IP-OP) suction on meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in developing country: A RCT.

Objective: Evidence about IP-OP suction and selective tracheal intubation in meconium stained neonates is from developed countries. Little information is available about their role in developing countries with high incidence of meconium staining and MAS. This randomized trial was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of IP-OP suction in meconium stained term neonates on prevention of MAS and reduction of its severity.

Barriers and facilitators to development of standard treatment guidelines in India.

This paper describes 15 years' experience of the development process of the first set of comprehensive standard treatment guidelines (STGs) for India and their adoption or adaptation by various state governments. The aim is to shorten the learning curve for those embarking on a similar exercise, given the key role of high-quality STGs that are accepted by the clinical community in furthering universal health coverage. The main overall obstacles to STG development are: (i) weak understanding of the concept; (ii) lack of time, enthusiasm and availability of local expertise; and (iii) managing consensus between specialists and generalists.

Uterine artery embolization: exploring new dimensions in obstetric emergencies.

The role of transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of obstetric emergencies is relatively new and not so commonly used. In the following series, the efficacy of this technique in situations such as scar site ectopic pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum obstetric hemorrhage, especially in the presence of coagulation derangement is presented.

Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1 rs2274223A>G, rs3765524C>T and rs7922612C>T) polymorphisms and esophageal cancer risk in the Kashmir Valley.

Background: Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) encodes a member of the phospholipase family of proteins that play crucial roles in carcinogenesis and progression of several cancers including esophageal cancer (EC). In two large scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP, rs2274223A>G, rs3765524C>T) in PLCE1 were identified as novel susceptibility loci of esophageal cancer (EC) in China. The aim of the present study was to investigate this finding in Kashmir Valley, a high risk area.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) gene polymorphisms related with susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease in north Indian population.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most serious complication of heart that comprises inflammatory reactions in heart valves. Cytokines play a critical role in triggering inflammatory reactions and they activate the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. Altered signals of STATs play important roles in the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory diseases.

Relevance of labor room fetal autopsy in increasing its acceptance.

Background: Fetal autopsy is included in the basic protocol of investigating a perinatal death, parental refusal is the main reason for its low rate.

Aim: To increase acceptance of fetal autopsy and to provide better counselling to the couple regarding risk of recurrence in future pregnancies.

Materials And Methods: All cases with antenatally diagnosed congenital anomaly resulting in stillbirth or termination before 20 weeks were offered fetal autopsy and it was performed in labor room itself by the fetal medicine specialist after consents.

Postnatal outcome of congenital anomalies in low resource setting.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the postnatal outcome of congenital malformations in a tertiary care hospital of India.

Material And Methods: This was a prospective study of all women with prenatally detected major congenital malformations. Postnatal follow-up of live born babies was carried out for 1 year.

Association of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with rheumatic heart disease in Indian population and meta-analysis.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is one of the most severe consequences of rheumatic fever. It has been suggested that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) may be involved in the increased valvular fibrosis and calcification in the pathogenesis of RHD. We conducted a case-control study to look for association of ACE I/D polymorphism with RHD in Indian population.

Conservative management of cesarean scar pregnancy with uterine arteriovenous malformation: a case report.

Background: Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy in which implantation occurs in a previous lower segment cesarean scar. It may be associated with uncontrolled hemorrhage ending in hysterectomy. It can become potentially life threatening for the patient when it further gets complicated by uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Cost of medicines & their affordability in private pharmacies in Delhi (India).

Background & Objectives: Medicines can account for up to 90 per cent of health care spending by poor people. High costs of medicines contribute to decreased access to healthcare. This study was conducted to assess the cost of medicines and their affordability in the private pharmacies in Delhi, India.

Prenatal sonographic evaluation and postnatal outcome of renal anomalies.

Objective: To determine the prognosis of antenatally detected renal anomalies by sonographic evaluation.

Materials And Methods: This was a follow-up study of all antenatally detected renal anomalies from January 2008 to Dec 2009 referred to fetal medicine clinic. Prenatal evaluation was done and cases were divided into four groups depending upon their prenatal sonographic findings.