Correlation of Morphological Features of Chromosomal Instability and Flow Cytometric DNA Ploidy Analysis in Aspirates of Breast Carcinoma.

Objective: Morphological indicators of chromosomal instability (CI), including multipolar mitoses, chromatin bridges (CB), strings, nuclear buds (NB), micronuclei (MN), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy analysis help in prognostication of breast carcinoma. The present study was done to evaluate CI in breast carcinoma and correlate with DNA ploidy and tumor grade.

Study Design: Fifty cases of carcinoma breast diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology were included.

Sevoflurane sparing effect of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Sevoflurane is an excellent but expensive anesthetic agent for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To decrease sevoflurane consumption during surgery adjuvants like dexmedetomidine may be used. Dexmedetomidine is a recently introduced drug which alleviates the stress response of surgery, produces sedation and analgesia.

Concomitant Lung and Liver Hydatid Cyst Managed as One-Stage Surgery.

Objective: Over the world, hydatidosis is endemic in many countries. It is more prevalent in Turkey. We came across with concomitant hydatidosis of the lung and liver and reviewed the management.

Screening methods (clinical breast examination and mammography) to detect breast cancer in women aged 40-49 years.

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect breast cancer rate, nodal status, tumor size, and associated risk factors using clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography as screening tools in women aged 40-49 years.

Materials And Methods: A total of 500 women were screened in a time period of 2 years, between the ages of 40-49 years for breast cancer. Screening tools used were CBE and mammography.

Low tracheal tumor and airway management: An anesthetic challenge.

We describe a case presenting with tracheal tumor wherein a Microlaryngeal tube was advanced into the trachea distal to the tumor for primary airway control followed by cannulation of both endobronchial lumen with 5.5 mm endotracheal tubes to provide independent lung ventilation post tracheal transection using Y- connector attached to anesthesia machine. The plan was formulated to provide maximal surgical access to the trachea while providing adequate ventilation at the same time.

Renal cell carcinoma arising in ipsilateral duplex system.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract are common and include a wide anatomic spectrum. Duplex systems are one of the more common renal anomalies, with the majority being asymptomatic. Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of these anomalies; however, certain causative genes have been implicated.

Blunt traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: Pictorial review of CT signs.

Blunt diaphragmatic rupture rarely accounts for immediate mortality and may go clinically silent until complications occur which can be life threatening. Although many imaging techniques have proven useful for the diagnosis of blunt diaphragmatic rupture, multidetector CT (MDCT) is considered to be the reference standard for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury. Numerous CT signs indicating blunt diaphragmatic rupture have been described in literature with variable significance.

Pulmonary hydatidosis in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus. Liver is the most commonly involved organ followed by the lungs. Pulmonary hydatidosis can be primary or secondary.

Evaluation of grading and hormone receptor immunostaining on fine needle aspirates in carcinoma breast.

Background: Grading and hormone receptor determination in breast carcinoma are predictive factors for response to hormonal therapy.

Aim: This study was undertaken to grade breast carcinoma and to determine estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Furthermore, the objective was to compare the results with histological grading and immunohistochemistry on surgical material.

Fungal necrotizing fasciitis, an emerging infectious disease caused by Apophysomyces (Mucorales).

Background: The mucoralean fungi are emerging causative agents of primary cutaneous infections presenting in the form of necrotizing fasciitis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate a series of suspected necrotizing fasciitis cases by Apophysomyces species over one-year period in a northern Indian hospital.

Methods: The clinical details of those patients suspected to suffer from fungal necrotizing fasciitis were recorded.

Perforated duodenal ulcer -a rare cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy.

Acute abdomen during pregnancy is a medico-surgical emergency demanding concerted, synchronized specialties approach of obstetrician, surgeon and gastroenterologist. Duodenal perforation is one of the rarer causes of acute abdomen in pregnancy. Here, we report a case of duodenal perforation with peritonitis in third trimester of pregnancy requiring surgical management.

Spectrum of nonhematological pediatric tumors: A clinicopathologic study of 385 cases.

Background: The aim of this study is to understand the epidemiology of tumors in children in our region due to a paucity of studies on the histologic review of the childhood tumors in general and benign tumors in particular.

Materials And Methods: The records of all the tumors diagnosed histopathologically in children <14 years of age during a period of 8-year (2005-2012) were reviewed.

Results: A total of 385 tumors were seen in the age range of 1 month-14 years with 231 (60%) in boys and 154 (40%) in girls.

Primary germ cell tumor of the mediastinum - presenting as a huge mass.

Germ cell tumors compromise 15-20% of all anterior mediastinal masses; 50-60% of these are benign mediastinal teratoma. There may be mature, immature, and rarely with malignant component within the tumor mass. There are more chances of malignancy with immature type.

Primary tuberculosis of the breast presented as multiple discharge sinuses.

Breast tuberculosis is a rare form of tuberculosis (TB). It is mainly classified as primary and secondary forms. Primary form is rare.

Intra-thoracic desmoid tumor.

Desmoid tumor is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor having potential for local invasion. It commonly arises in abdominal wall, presenting as a palpable mass. We describe a case of thoracic desmoid tumor in a middle aged male arising from the chest wall.

Complete bronchial transaction due to severe blunt trauma and chest; treatment and outcomes : A distinct entity.

An 18-year-young male patient came to the emergency department with history of severe blunt trauma. He was having respiratory distress and diagnosed as bronchial injury on the right side. A chest tube was put immediately and there was continuous air leak in the form of air bubbles in the intercostal chest tube bag with each inspiratory effort.

Giant sarcomatoid carcinoma of the breast - a rare case report.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma breast is rare entity having mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements which contains overtly sarcoma-like elements on light microscopy and its clinical behaviour is not well documented. We are presenting a case in a 50 - year old female presented with a large swelling over the left side of the breast. On histopathology, diagnosis made as metaplastic carcinoma of the breast with sarcomatoid variant.

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia.

Background: Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is uncommonly encountered despite the high prevalence of blunt abdominal trauma. The diagnosis is often difficult because of its varied presentation along with lack of awareness of this entity.

Methods: The case files of all patients with TAWH who were operated at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the rib: A rare case.

Localized solitary plasmacytoma of the bone is a rare disease and is characterized by only one or two isolated bone lesions with no evidence of disease dissemination. We report a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the rib in a 43-year-old female. The patient underwent complete en-bloc resection of the chest wall including rib, muscle, and parietal pleura.

Abdominal cocoon with small bowel obstruction: two case reports.

Abdominal cocoon is a rare condition that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a fibrocollagenous membrane. Treatment is surgical resection of the membrane and free the bowel. Preoperative diagnosis is possible with combination of sonography and CT scan.

Traumatic anterior abdominal wall hernia: A report of three rare cases.

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare condition that can follow any blunt trauma. Associated intra-abdominal injuries are infrequent. In this study, we are reporting three cases, diagnosed as abdominal wall hernia associated with herniation of bowel loops due to blunt trauma.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen: a rare case diagnosed on FNAC.

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare space-occupying lesion of unknown etiology that can mimic malignancy on clinic-radiological and pathological examination. We present a case of IPT of the spleen which was clinically suspected to be malignant. This case was initially suggested accurately on fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass and subsequently confirmed on histopathology of the resected specimen.

Primary hydatid cyst masquerading as pseudocyst of the pancreas with concomitant small gut obstruction--an unusual presentation.

Isolated retroperitoneal hydatid cyst is an exceptionally rare entity. Owing to vague and varied symptomatology, it is seldom diagnosed without puncture cytology or surgery. We report an unusual presentation of primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst with concomitant small gut obstruction.