Outbreak investigation of an unknown gastrointestinal illness in District Victoria, Country Mala, 2016.

This case study is based on an outbreak investigation conducted by multisectoral team from animal and public health offices in Kaktong (a remote village in Zhemgang District Bhutan) during July-September 2010. This outbreak caused by ingestion of infected cow meat which had died after a brief illness (bleeding of unclotted blood from nostrils). The owner of the affected cow had opened the carcass and dressed the meat, which he shared or sold within the village for human consumption.

Brucellosis in Humans and Animals in Kyrgyzstan.

Brucellosis is a globally reemerging and neglected zoonosis causing serious public health problems as well as considerable economic losses due to infection of livestock. Although the epidemiology of brucellosis has been well studied and its various aspects in humans and animals are well understood, it is still one of the most challenging health problems in many developing countries such as Kyrgyzstan. This review describes epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in humans and animals, its impact on animal production and the role of implemented infection control measures in Kyrgyzstan.

Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax in the Kyrgyz Republic.

At the end of 2016, Kyrgyz Republic was certified by the World Health Organization as a malaria-free country, while only a decade ago this disease posed a serious health threat. The progress achieved by Kyrgyz Republic provides a unique example of tertian (Plasmodium vivax) malaria elimination. This success was based on an integrated approach, including measures for the treatment of infected people and disease prevention, vector control and the development of an effective national epidemiological surveillance system.

ACHIEVING MALARIA ELIMINATION IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC.

The Kyrgyz Republic could achieve the absence of local malaria transmission due to the developed and effectively implemented antimalarial. interventions [3]. In 2012-2014, the cost of malaria elimination in the country was US$ 210,200 by its government, US$ 1,795,467 by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and US$ 50,000 by the WHO.

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL STUDIES OF MALARIA IN THE CIS COUNTRIES AND GEORGIA.

The paper presents the scientific studies of malaria pathogens and vectors, which have been specially conducted in the endemic areas of the CIS countries and Georgia for use in an epidemiological surveillance system. The main ones investigate the structure of malaria foci and the level of G-6-PD deficiency among residents, determine the malariogenic potential. of the territory and the risk of infection in the population, and specify the taxonomy, systematics, and spread of major malaria vectors in .

[PCR-RFLP and sequencing studies of malaria vectors (Diptera, Culicidae, Anopheles) in Kyrgyzstan].

The results of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, obtained after treatment of PCR-products with restriction endonuclease CfoI, could identify two members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex: An. maculipennis and An. artemievi.

[Study of the pathogen populations of tertian malaria and possibilities of its establishment in Kyrgyzstan].

A genetic analysis has indicated that the population of the tertian malaria causative agents Plasmodium vivax in Kyrgyzstan is heterogeneous and consists of various isolates resulting from multiple carriages of the pathogens from the areas of the neighboring countries. Low genetic variability and a weak gene flow between the isolates do not contribute to the establishment of malaria in this area. Experience in controlling the epidemic outbreaks shows that active and residual foci are easily sanitized when antimalaria measures are timely and qualitatively implemented.

[Monitoring and assessment of information-and-education programs within the framework of the project "Malaria Control in Kyrgyzstan"].

The level of the population's knowledge and behavior of the prevention of malaria is much higher in the south of Kyrgyzstan than in the north of the country and has a significant correlation with the frequency of performed actions (to obtain information by one person twice times or more). The findings may lead to the conclusion that the information education campaign to prevent malaria was successful. Multiple presentation of information to the population should be considered to be effective.

[Evaluation of the efficiency of medical staff's knowledge in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of malaria].

To define the capacity andreadiness of the health care system of Kyrgyzstan to ensure transition of malaria control to elimination in 2005-2007, health administrators scheduled and educated 2089 public health specialists in the problem of management, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of malaria, followed by their questioning. Areas at high risk for malaria transmission and those with local malaria foci, such as the Kadamzhaisky, Batkensky, Alamedinsky, Sokuluksky, and Issyk-Atinsky Districts and the city of Bishkek, were selected for polling. A research agency developed 5 structured questionnaires to interview respondents.

[Clinical characteristics of tertian malaria in the population of Kyrgyzstan under repeated outbreak of the disease].

In the period of an epidemic outbreak, tertian malaria is registered at a high rate among children, which has a characteristic sign of local transmission via malaria mosquitoes. The case histories of 66 patients with tertian malaria, including 27 children aged 10 months to 15 years, treated at the infection unit of Tashkumyr town hospital in July to August 2006, were the subject of this investigation. In childhood malaria, the specific feature of feverish paroxysm is daily fever with evident symptoms of intoxication and signs of neurotoxicosis.

[Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Tien Shan: morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analysis].

Morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic studies of the Anopheles fauna in the valley and foothills of the Tien Shan identified 5 species of malaria mosquitoes: An. artemievi Gordeev et al., An.

[An outbreak of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Kyrghyzstan].

Malaria was not notified in the republic in 1960 to 1982, with exception of 1963 where one case of imported malaria was identified. Twenty-four cases of locally transmitted malaria were detected, 11 of them being registered in the Batken district, Osh Region, contiguous with Tadjikistan and Uzbekistan. In 1981 to 2000, a total of 101 cases of malaria were notified, in 2001 there was an increase in cases of malaria to 136, while in 2002, a total of 2744 cases of malaria were registered mainly in the Fergana valley.