Publications by authors named "Usawadee Sakulku"
The nanoemulsions composed of citronella oil, hairy basil oil, and vetiver oil with mean droplet sizes ranging from 150 to 220 nm were prepared and investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Larger emulsion droplets (195-220 nm) shifted toward a smaller size (150-160 nm) after high-pressure homogenization and resulted in higher release rate. We proposed that thin films obtained from the nanoemulsions with smaller droplet size would have higher integrity, thus increasing the vaporization of essential oils and subsequently prolonging the mosquito repellant activity.
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- - The study focused on creating a stable nanoemulsion of citronella oil using high-pressure homogenization with varying amounts of surfactant and glycerol, finding optimal conditions at 2.5% surfactant and 100% glycerol for transparency and stability.
- - Glycerol improved the emulsion's appearance and stability due to its properties as a co-solvent and thickening agent, which helped retain more oil in smaller droplets.
- - The release of citronella oil from the nanoemulsion was influenced by droplet size and the concentrations of surfactant and glycerol, with higher concentrations leading to slower release rates that positively correlated with longer mosquito protection times.