Background: Patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face unique challenges resulting in disparities in their health care. We sought to define the effect that IDD had on achievement of a "textbook outcome" (TO) following a cancer operation among a nationally representative cohort of patients.
Methods: Data on patients who underwent surgery for a malignant indication, including lung, breast, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, and colorectal, between 2014 and 2020 were extracted from the 100% Medicare Standard Analytical Files database.
Background: Liver transplantation (LT) for nonresectable colorectal liver metastasis (NRCRLM) has become accepted for select patients meeting strict inclusion criteria. Advancements in patient selection and understanding of cancer biology may expand benefits to patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). In this meta-analysis, we sought to assess survival outcomes, recurrence patterns, and quality of life (QoL) after LT for CRLM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Dialysis patients are at high risk for surgery, but their outcomes after splenectomy are unclear. We compared postoperative complications between dialysis and non-dialysis patients.
Methods: Data were retrieved from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for this retrospective cohort.
Adequate cardiothoracic surgical training is essential for provision of quality care to patients. In recent years, simulation-based training has been advocated as an adjunct to traditional surgical training. Advances in simulation technology has resulted in many low- and highfidelity simulators being employed in cardiothoracic surgical training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the evidence against drain placement after thyroidectomy, there is a lack of consensus on drain use in patients with substernal goiter. To assess the factors that increase the likelihood of drain placement and its impact on postoperative hematoma and other 30-day complications among adult patients undergoing thyroidectomy for substernal goiter. A retrospective cohort study that used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sex disparities have previously been identified in surgical academia. This study examines sex differences in the top-cited contemporary general surgery articles and compares Altimetric Attention Score (AAS) and other impact metrics between male and female corresponding authors (CAs).
Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles published between 2019 and 2021 in each of the top 10 general surgery journals based on the 2021 Journal Impact Factor.
Introduction: Postoperative sepsis represents a rare complication following thyroidectomy. We aimed to explore the incidence, risk factors, sources, and outcomes of postoperative sepsis and septic shock among adult patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
Methods: Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used in this retrospective cohort study.
Background: Medicaid expansion (ME) has contributed to transforming the United States healthcare system. However, its effect on palliative care of primary liver cancers remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ME and the receipt of palliative treatment in advanced-stage liver cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Malnutrition has been linked to the development of hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancer. We sought to examine the association between food swamps and food deserts on surgical outcomes of patients with HPB cancer.
Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for HPB cancer between 2014 and 2020 were identified from the Medicare Standard Analytic Files.
Background: Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities may face barriers in accessing healthcare, including cancer screening and detection services. We sought to assess the association of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) with breast cancer screening rates.
Methods: Data from 2018 to 2020 was used to identify screening-eligible individuals from Medicare Standard Analytic Files.
Background: Liver transplantation (LT) has been considered a potential curative treatment for patients with very early intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and cirrhosis, yet the survival benefit of LT has not been well defined. This study aimed to compare the long-term survival outcomes of patients who underwent LT with that of individuals who received resection and non-curative intent treatment (non-CIT).
Methods: Patients who underwent LT, hepatectomy, and non-CIT between 2004 and 2018 were included in the National Cancer Database.
Background: Patients with mental illnesses face unique disparities in access to liver transplantation. We sought to compare rates of evaluation, transplantation, and post-transplant outcomes among patients with and without mental illnesses.
Methods: Patients aged 18-75 with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma were identified from the Medicare Standard Analytic Files from 2014-2020.
Introduction: The effect of chronic steroid therapy on postoperative outcomes after craniotomy for tumor resection remains understudied.
Research Question: This study aimed to fill this gap and to identify risk factors of postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients on chronic steroid use undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection.
Materials And Methods: Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used.
Background And Objectives: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been successfully adopted in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancer, and has been associated with improved perioperative and comparable oncological outcomes. We sought to define the impact of county-level duration of poverty on access to MIS and clinical outcomes among patients with HPB cancer undergoing surgical treatment.
Materials And Methods: Data on patients diagnosed with HPB cancer were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data (2010-2016).
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia and is known to increase the risk of postoperative morbidity. This study aimed to assess the impact of MetS on stroke, myocardial infarction, mortality, and other complications following carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
Methods: We analyzed data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.
Background Prolonged post-surgery intensive care unit (ICU) stay for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been explored in the pediatric population. However, there is limited data for adult CHD (ACHD), also called grown-up congenital heart (GUCH) disease, especially in low-resource countries where intensive care beds are scarce. This study identifies factors associated with prolonged ICU stay following surgery for ACHD in Pakistan, a lower-middle-income country (LMIC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) has proven time and time again to be a game-changer innovation in every walk of life, including medicine. Introduced by Dr. Gunn in 1976 to accurately diagnose acute abdominal pain and list potential differentials, AI has since come a long way.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To assess the risk factors for intensive care unit admission and inpatient all-cause mortality among adult meningitis patients.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised of patients of either gender aged ≥18 years diagnosed with bacterial, viral, or tuberculous meningitis between July 2010 and June 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore independent predictors of inpatient mortality and intensive care unit admission.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven time and time again to be a game-changer innovation in every walk of life, including medicine. Introduced by Dr. Gunn in 1976 to accurately diagnose acute abdominal pain and list potential differentials, AI has since come a long way.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To assess the incidence, risk factors, and complications of blood transfusions (BTs) in elective thyroidectomy patients.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Adult patients who underwent elective thyroidectomy from 2005 to 2019 were divided into two cohorts based on whether they received BT or not.
We describe creation and piloting of the PakSurg Collaborative, devised via integration of existing trainee-led collaborative models in the United Kingdom with the resource-limited surgical care in Pakistan. This is the first trainee-lead surgical research collaborative in Pakistan, established by the student-lead Surgery Interest Group from the Aga Khan University. The project involved creation of a model that included a steering committee comprising of five teams which worked in conjunction with collaborators from multiple hospitals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pak Med Assoc
February 2022
Early and sustained involvement in research is imperative for medical students to ensure better career prospects in addition to provision of high-quality, evidence-based care to patients. However, involvement of students in surgical research still remains limited, owing to inadequate research training. The current paper was planned to describe the structure of the "Path to Publication" series, incorporating peer mentorship with capacity-building research workshops for medical students.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCapable of improving surgical quality, perioperative registries can allow performance benchmarking, reliable reporting and the development of risk-prediction models. Well established in high-income countries, perioperative registries remain limited in lower- and middle-income countries due to several challenges. First, ensuring comprehensive data entry forums to power the registries is difficult because of limited electronic medical records requiring sustained efforts to develop and integrate these into practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWomen seeking surgical care are burdened with gender disparities, particularly in resource-limited settings. Such disparities can lead to women often presenting late with advanced disease and poor prognoses. The current narrative review was planned to find evidence for gender disparities, their implications, challenges faced by women seeking surgical care, and strategies to address them.
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