Induction of apoptosis by emestrin from the plant endophytic fungus ATCC 38163 in Huh-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

This research aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of emestrin, a major constituent of ATCC 38163 through the induction of apoptosis in Huh-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, this fungus was isolated from the fresh leaves of (Cham. & Schltdl.

Flavonoid constituents and protective efficacy of (Blanco) leaves ethanolic extract on thioacetamide-induced liver injury rats.

Oxidative stress leads to deleterious processes in the liver that resulted in liver diseases. To evaluate antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic leaves extract of against hepatic dysfunction induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Flavonoid constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract by chromatographic techniques and identified by the spectroscopic analyses.

Phytochemical Compositions of Some Red Sea Halophyte Plants with Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials.

The aim of this study was to determine the compositions of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, fatty acids (FAs), and amino acids (AAs) of four Rea Sea halophytes: , , , and . The results showed that and were rich in gallic acid with 41.72 and 47.

A new acylated flavone glycoside, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from Saudi Hochst. ex A. DC (Ebenaceae) leaves.

Phytochemical investigation of leaves resulted in the isolation of new acylated flavone isoscutellarein 7--(4'''--acetyl)--allopyranosyl(1''' → 2'')--glucopyranoside (), along with eight known flavonoid metabolites, luteolin 3',4',6,8-tetramethyl ether (), luteolin 4'---neohesperidoside (), luteolin 7---glucoside (), luteolin (), quercetin (), quercetin 3---glucoside (), quercetin 3---rhamnoside (), and rutin (). Their structures were identified by analysis of spectroscopic (UV, NMR, and MS) data, as well as by acid hydrolysis for the isolated glycosides. The antioxidant activity of metabolites was determined by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay.

Bioactive sulfonyl metabolites from the Red Sea endophytic fungus .

Two new sulfonyl metabolites, pensulfonoxy () and pensulfonamide (), together with four known metabolites were obtained from the fermentation extract of , an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine red alga . The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited potent antibacterial inhibitory activity against , while compound exhibited antifungal activity against with inhibition diameters of 20.

Halo-phenolic metabolites and their in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities from the Red Sea alga .

From the green alga two new naturally halo-benzaldehyde derivatives were isolated by various chromatographic methods along with 10 known metabolites of bromophenols, sulfonoglycolipid, and steroids. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as on MS data, the structures of the new compounds were identified as 5-bromo-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde named avrainvilleal (), and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (). Using SRB assay, both compounds showed mild and weak cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to the good activity of their extract (IC values 3.

Rotenoid and isoflavone metabolites from an antioxidant seed extract of (roxb.) thoth.

A new rotenoid named 12--methylrotenolol along with five known rotenoid and isoflavone metabolites were isolated from the seeds of , collected from Egypt. The structures of these compounds were identified by physical and spectroscopic data measurements ([α], UV, 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS). The methanol extract of the seeds exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC value 0.

inhibition of Hepatitis C virus protease and antioxidant by flavonoid glycosides from the Saudi costal plant .

A new flavonol triglycoside, rhamnazin 3-O-2-rhamnorutinoside or rhamnazin 3--(2″,6″--α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-glucoside () was isolated along with known flavonols, rhamnazin 3--rutinoside (), rhamnazin 3--(6″--α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (), isorhamnetin 3--(6″--α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (), isorhamnetin 3--(2″,6″--α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (), and isorhamnetin (), and allantoin () from the aqueous methanol extract of leaves. Spectral analyses (UV, MS, and NMR) and acid hydrolysis were used to determine the structures. These compounds in this study except were reported for the first time from the genus .

Sesquiterpenes from the Saudi Red Sea: Litophyton arboreum with their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

A new pseudoguaiane-type sesquiterpene named litopharbol (1) was isolated from the methanolic extract of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum, along with known sesquiterpenoids alismol (2), alismorientol B (3), teuhetenone A (4), and calamusin I (5); steroid, 24-methyl-cholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (6), alkyl glyceryl ether, chimyl alcohol (7); sphingolipid, erythro-N-dodecanoyl-docosasphinga-(4E,8E)-dienine (8); and nitrogenous bases, thymine (9) and thymidine (10). The structures were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR data including heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric analyses. Compounds 1-5 were explored for antimicrobial activity and cancer cell line sensitivity tests.

Cytotoxic activity of alkyl benzoate and fatty acids from the red sea sponge Hyrtios erectus.

The chemical investigation of the methylene chloride fraction of marine sponge Hyrtios erectus led to the isolation of the known oxysterol (2) along with a new alkyl benzoate compound identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) as 4'-methylheptyl benzoate (1), whilst the n-butanol fraction afforded the known indole 3-carbaldehyde and β-carboline derivatives. Moreover, the hexane fraction was analysed by GC-MS for their fatty acids (FAs). A total of 17 FAs with chain lengths between 14 and 25 carbons were identified.

Thalassiolin D: a new flavone O-glucoside Sulphate from the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii.

Thalassiolin D, a new flavone O-glucoside sulphate along with three flavonoids, two steroids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone and nitrogen compound, octopamine were isolated from the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii, collected from the Saudi Red Sea coast. By extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and MS data, the structure of the new compound was elucidated as diosmetin 7-O-β-glucosyl-2″-sulphate. The new compound displayed moderately in vitro antiviral HCV protease activity with IC value 16 μM.

Different Culture Metabolites of the Red Sea Fungus Fusarium equiseti Optimize the Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease (HCV PR).

The endophytic fungus was isolated from the brown alga , collected from the Red Sea. The fungus was identified by its morphology and 18S rDNA. Cultivation of this fungal strain in biomalt-peptone medium led to isolation of 12 known metabolites of diketopeprazines and anthraquinones.

Genetic regulation and manipulation for natural product discovery.

Natural products are an important source of modern medical development, e.g., antibiotics, anticancers, immune modulators, etc.

An efficient method for the in vitro production of azol(in)e-based cyclic peptides.

Heterocycle-containing cyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry but their chemical synthesis is very challenging. A new universal method has been devised to prepare these compounds by using a set of engineered marine-derived enzymes and substrates obtained from a family of ribosomally produced and post-translationally modified peptides called the cyanobactins. The substrate precursor peptide is engineered to have a non-native protease cleavage site that can be rapidly cleaved.

Hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protease inhibitors from the endophytic Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from the red alga Liagora viscida.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-NS4A protease is an attractive target for anti-HCV agents because of its important role in replication. In this work, we demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited a potent activity against HCV NS3-NS4A protease with an IC50 value of 20 microg/ml. The fungus was isolated from the red alga Liagora viscida and identified by its morphology and 18S rDNA.

Application of statistical design for the optimization of dextranase production by a novel fungus isolated from Red Sea sponge.

Marine endophytic fungi isolated from Red Sea organisms were screened for the production of dextranase enzyme. The most potent isolate was from the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia spp. and was selected for identification.

Induction of caspase-8 and death receptors by a new dammarane skeleton from the dried fruits of Forsythia koreana.

A new naturally occurring compound based on the dammarane skeleton, i.e. cabralealactone 3-acetate-24-methyl ether, was isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract of Forsythia koreana fruits, along with eight known compounds: cabralealactone 3-acetate, ursolic acid, arctigenin, arctiin, phillyrin, rutin, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid.

A new flavonoid C-glycoside from Solanum elaeagnifolium with hepatoprotective and curative activities against paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice.

A new flavonoid C-glycoside, kaempferol 8-C-beta-galactoside, along with twelve known glycosidic flavonoids was isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Solanaceae), by conventional chromatographic methods; their structure elucidation was achieved using UV, ESI-MS, and NMR spectral analyses. Groups of six mice were administered S.

Bioactive anthraquinones from endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor isolated from red sea algae.

The marine fungus Aspergillus versicolor was isolated from the inner tissue of the Red Sea green alga Halimeda opuntia. The fungus was identified by its morphology and 18s rDNA. Cultivation of this fungal strain led to a new metabolite named isorhodoptilometrin-1-methyl ether (1) along with the known compounds emodin (2), 1-methyl emodin (3), evariquinone (4), 7-hydroxyemodin 6,8-methyl ether (5), siderin (6), arugosin C (7), and variculanol (8).

Digalacturonide flavones from Egyptian Lantana camara flowers with in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities.

A new digalacturonide flavone, luteolin 7-O-beta-galacturonyl-(2 --> 1)-O-beta-galacturonide (1), was isolated along with nine known flavone glycosides from the aqueous methanolic extract of Lantana camara (L.) flowers. Their structures were determined on the basis of the spectral data.

In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of flavonoids from Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb.) (Simaroubaceae) leaves.

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, and the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Ailanthus excelsa, a plant used in Egyptian traditional medicine. Chromatographic separation of a methanol extract of A. excelsa leaves yielded four flavones, namely apigenin (1), apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside (2), luteolin (3), and luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside (4), and seven flavonols, namely kaempferol (5), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-arabinoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-beta-galactoside (7), quercetin (8), quercetin 3-O-alpha-arabinoside (9), quercetin 3-O-beta-galactoside (10), and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (11).

Inhibition of the initiation stage of carcinogenesis by Salvia disermas constituents.

Phytochemical studies of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Salvia disermas resulted in the isolation of seven known compounds, rosmarinic (1) and caffeic (2) acids, salvigenin (3), luteolin (4), luteolin 7-O-beta-arabinoside (5), luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside (6), and ocotillol II (7). The initiation stage of carcinogenesis is triggered by activation of procarcinogens by phase I enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450 1A, and oxidative stress that leads to DNA damage. The initiation stage is countered by phase II detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GST), quinine reductase (QR), epoxide hydrolase (mEH) besides conjugation with thiols.

Gastroprotective and antisecretory effects of Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb).

Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb), an Egyptian medicinal species highly important for treating numerous diseases, was investigated against experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rodents. We evaluated the gastroprotective effect of four extracts (petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, and methanol) of A. excelsa bark by using the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model.

Mansouramycins A-D, cytotoxic isoquinolinequinones from a marine streptomycete.

Chemical screening of the ethyl acetate extract from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. isolate Mei37 resulted in five isoquinolinequinones, four new derivatives, mansouramycin A-D (1, 3-5), and the known 3-methyl-7-(methylamino)-5,8-isoquinolinedione (2). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS techniques and by comparison with related compounds.

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Diospyros lotus L. extract and isolated compounds.

The object of the study was to determine the chemical composition of Diospyros lotus L. extract and their antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. Eight compounds were isolated from D.