Recruitment of Motoneurons.

Beginning about half a century ago, the rules that determine how motor units are recruited during movement have been deduced. These classical experiments led to the formulation of the 'size principle'. It is now clear that motoneuronal size is not the only indicator of recruitment order.

High Behavioral Variability Mediated by Altered Neuronal Excitability in Mutant Zebrafish.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by abnormal behavioral traits arising from neural circuit dysfunction. While a number of genes have been implicated in ASDs, in most cases, a clear understanding of how mutations in these genes lead to circuit dysfunction and behavioral abnormality is absent. The () gene is one such gene, associated with ASDs, intellectual disability and a range of other neurodevelopmental conditions.

Neuromodulatory Selection of Motor Neuron Recruitment Patterns in a Visuomotor Behavior Increases Speed.

Animals generate locomotion at different speeds to suit their behavioral needs. Spinal circuits generate locomotion at these varying speeds by sequential activation of different spinal interneurons and motor neurons. Larval zebrafish can generate slow swims for prey capture and exploration by activation of secondary motor neurons and much faster and vigorous swims during escape and struggle via additional activation of primary motor neurons.

Synchronous endometrial carcinoma and a macroprolactinoma: exploring a causal relationship.

Background: While unopposed estrogen hormone secretion is most commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, the role of prolactin has only recently been highlighted. The authors present a case of a synchronous endometrial carcinoma in a patient with a prolactin-secreting macroadenoma.

Methods: A 29-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of primary infertility, irregular periods and intermittent galactorrhea.