Prevalence and Risk Factors for Nocturia in an Outpatient Clinic.

Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of and risk factors in patients with nocturia at a general medical clinic in Naha, Japan.

Methods: We enrolled patients who had been regularly followed-up at a general medical clinic in Naha. Patients were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire regarding medical history and the frequency of nocturnal voids in the last month with anonymity.

Defining criteria for the introduction of liraglutide using the glucagon stimulation test in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: To define a set of criteria using indices of β-cell function, including results from the glucagon stimulation test, for liraglutide introduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In the present retrospective cohort study, patients were included in our analysis if their β-cell function had been evaluated with a glucagon stimulation test and a 24-h urinary C-peptide (U-CPR) excretion test before switching from insulin therapy to liraglutide monotherapy. The efficacy of liraglutide was determined by the extent to which glycemic control was achieved or if glycated hemoglobin levels were maintained at <7.

Second-line treatments for dyslipidemia in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.

Previous studies have shown that approximately 50% patients at risk of cardiovascular disease do not achieve lipid management goals. Thus, improvements dyslipidemia management are needed. We investigated the clinical choice and efficacy of second-line treatments for dyslipidemia in the Japanese clinical setting.

SNP (-617C>A) in ARE-like loci of the NRF2 gene: a new biomarker for prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma in Japanese non-smoking women.

Purpose: The transcription factor NRF2 plays a pivotal role in protecting normal cells from external toxic challenges and oxidative stress, whereas it can also endow cancer cells resistance to anticancer drugs. At present little information is available about the genetic polymorphisms of the NRF2 gene and their clinical relevance. We aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NRF2 gene as a prognostic biomarker in lung cancer.

Effect of low-protein diet on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-protein diet on kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Design: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.

Double-blind randomized clinical trial of the effects of ezetimibe on postprandial hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia.

Aim: Ezetimibe selectively blocks intestinal cholesterol absorption by inhibiting Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and reducing LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). In animals, ezetimibe reversed diet-induced obesity, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. In humans, its potential effects on liver steatosis and insulin resistance have been suggested.

Pravastatin potentiates increases in serum adiponectin concentration in dyslipidemic patients receiving thiazolidinedione: the DOLPHIN study.

Aim: A reduced risk of type 2 diabetes has been reported following treatment with pravastatin. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein that has an antidiabetic property. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pravastatin on serum adiponectin concentration and other influencing factors.

Self-injection of insulin using appropriate supportive devices in handicapped subjects with diabetes.

Background: To self-inject insulin, individuals with diabetes must be able to attach the needle to the injector, recognize the appropriate insulin dosage, detach the needle from the injector, and perform a series of operations necessary for the actual injection. These tasks require a grip strength that is strong enough to hold the necessary devices, eyesight, the use of both hands, and at least a minimum intellectual capacity. Subjects who are unable to grasp or handle the devices required for insulin injection often have difficulties with the self-injection of insulin.

Correlations of fasting and postprandial blood glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemic status in type 2 diabetic patients: variations with levels of HbA1c.

Studies from overseas have indicated that postprandial glucose excursions are predominant in subjects with moderate hyperglycemia, while fasting hyperglycemia become the predominant abnormality with worsening of hyperglycemia; however, few studies have yet investigated the correlation between HbA1c and fasting and/or postprandial hyperglycemia in Japanese subjects. We investigated the correlation between fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia and the overall diabetic status, as assessed by measurement of HbA1c, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Blood glucose (BG) concentrations were determined in the fasting state (8:00 A.

Comparative study of effectiveness of multiple-daily injections of insulin versus twice-daily injections of biphasic insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

To evaluate the efficacy of a multiple-daily injection regimen and a twice-daily injection regimen using biphasic insulin, we performed an observational study of 56 insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who began receiving insulin therapy while they were hospitalized. The subjects were divided into two groups: a multiple-daily injection group (n = 33), and a twice-daily injection group (n = 23). At baseline, the demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups.

A novel initial codon mutation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter gene in a Japanese patient with Gitelman's syndrome.

We here report a novel mutation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) (SLC12A3) gene in a Japanese patient with Gitelman's syndrome (GS). GS is characterized by a renal disorder and is associated with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypocalciuria arising from the defective tubular reabsorption of magnesium and potassium. This disease is reportedly caused by mutations in the TSC gene.

Administration of miglitol until 30 min after the start of a meal is effective in type 2 diabetic patients.

Miglitol, a pseudomonosaccharide alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (alphaGI), was more effective at reducing blood glucose levels at 30 and 60 min after a meal than voglibose. Speculating that miglitol administered even after the start of a meal may be effective, we evaluated the timing of administration of miglitol on the plasma glucose and serum insulin levels in 13 type 2 diabetic patients. Miglitol was administered in four different intake manners in each patient (control: no miglitol; intake 1: just before breakfast; intake 2: 15 min after the beginning of breakfast; intake 3: 30 min after the beginning of breakfast).