The ultrasonographic dynamic heel-rise test of the Achilles tendon.

The treatment of Achilles tendon rupture attempts to restore the primary anatomical structure and principal biomechanical properties of the damaged tendon. Postoperative clinical assessment of the healing progression and function monitoring may be difficult and require experience. Diagnostic imaging (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging) helps monitor the healing process.

Comparison of routine computed tomography and plain X-ray imaging for malleolar fractures-How much do we miss?

Purpose: Most patients with ankle arthrosis have a history of ankle fracture. Evaluation of malleolar fractures solely on X-ray may be insufficient to identify many pathologies that potentially contribute to ankle arthrosis, with a consequent poor prognosis. We investigated the pathologies that may be overlooked in malleolar fractures evaluated solely on plain X-ray.

The Role of Fibers Within the Tibial Attachment of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Restraining Tibial Displacement.

Purpose: To evaluate the load-bearing functions of the fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial attachment in restraining tibial anterior translation, internal rotation, and combined anterior and internal rotation laxities in a simulated pivot-shift test.

Methods: Twelve knees were tested using a robot. Laxities tested were: anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR), and coupled translations and rotations during a simulated pivot-shift.

Monitoring of the Achilles tendon healing process: can artificial intelligence be helpful?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify improved, ensemble-based strategy for inferencing with use of our solution for quantitative assessment of tendons and ligaments healing process and to show possible applications of the method.

Methods: We chose the problem of the Achilles tendon rupture as an example representing a group of common sport traumas. We derived our dataset from 90 individuals and divided it into two subsets: healthy individuals and patients with complete Achilles tendon ruptures.

Treatment options for the symptomatic post-meniscectomy knee.

Purpose: To provide a current review on the evidence for management of the symptomatic meniscus-deficient knee.

Methods: A literature review was performed detailing the natural history and origin of symptoms in a meniscus-deficient knee, in addition to strategies for non-surgical management, meniscus scaffolds, meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT), isolated cartilage repair, unloading osteotomies, meniscus prosthesis, and joint replacements which were revealed as treatment possibilities.

Results: Meniscus deficiency was recognized to lead to an early onset knee osteoarthritis (OA).

The use of allograft tendons in primary ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: Graft choice in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains controversial. The use of allograft has risen exponentially in recent years with the attraction of absent donor site morbidity, reduced surgical time and reliable graft size. However, the published evidence examining their clinical effectiveness over autograft tendons has been unclear.

A polygon-shaped complex appearance of medial patellofemoral ligament with dynamic functional insertion based on an outside-in and inside-out dissection technique.

Purpose: To describe the unclarified characteristics of medial patellofemoral ligament and its relation to neighboring structures.

Methods: Sixteen fresh-frozen human knees were dissected in using outside-in and inside-out combined technique. The patellar side attachment was observed from the inside view and femoral side from outside view.

Posterior cruciate ligament is twisted and flat structure: new prospective on anatomical morphology.

Purpose: This cadaveric study aimed to elucidate PCL morphology by observing the anatomical relationship with other structures and the fibre layers of the PCL in cross section for remnant preserving PCL reconstruction.

Methods: Seventeen fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were studied, using the clock-face method to analyse the anatomical relationship between the PCL and Humphrey's ligament. The width and thickness of the PCL, Humphrey's and Wrisberg's ligaments were measured.

Adipose-Derived Cells (Stromal Vascular Fraction) Transplanted for Orthopedical or Neurological Purposes: Are They Safe Enough?

Although mesenchymal stem cells are used in numerous clinical trials, the safety of their application is still a matter of concern. We have analysed the clinical results of the autologous adipose-derived stem cell treatment (stromal vascular fraction (SVF) containing adipose-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitors, and blood mononuclear cells) for orthopedic (cartilage, bone, tendon, or combined joint injuries) and neurologic (multiple sclerosis) diseases. Methods of adipose tissue collection, cell isolation and purification, and resulting cell numbers, viability, and morphology were considered, and patient's age, sex, disease type, and method of cell administration (cell numbers per single application, treatment numbers and frequency, and methods of cell implantation) were analysed and searched for the unwanted clinical effects.

Value of ultrasonography in assessment of recent injury of anterior talofibular ligament in children.

Introduction: Sprained ankle is a very common injury in children. Proper treatment of ligament injuries enables full recovery. X-ray and US examinations are commonly available diagnostic methods.

Medial meniscus anatomy-from basic science to treatment.

This paper focuses on the anatomical attachment of the medial meniscus. Detailed anatomical dissections have been performed and illustrated. Five zones can be distinguished in regard to the meniscus attachments anatomy: zone 1 (of the anterior root), zone 2 (anteromedial zone), zone 3 (the medial zone), zone 4 (the posterior zone) and the zone 5 (of the posterior root).

Ribbon like appearance of the midsubstance fibres of the anterior cruciate ligament close to its femoral insertion site: a cadaveric study including 111 knees.

Purpose: Recently, the configuration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from its direct femoral insertion to midsubstance was found to be flat. This might have an important impact for anatomical ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this anatomical study was to evaluate the macroscopic appearance of the ACL from femoral to midsubstance.