Investigation of the Photocatalytic Activity of Copper-Modified Commercial Titania (P25) in the Process of Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction.

The photocatalytic reduction of CO to useful products is an area of active research because it shows a potential to be an efficient tool for mitigating climate change. This work investigated the modification of titania with copper(II) nitrate and its impact on improving the CO reduction efficiency in a gas-phase batch photoreactor under UV-Vis irradiation. The investigated photocatalysts were prepared by treating P25-copper(II) nitrate suspensions (with various Cu concentrations), alkalized with ammonia water, in a microwave-assisted solvothermal reactor.

The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Photoactivity of Amine-Modified Titanium Dioxide in the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.

Modification of titanium dioxide using ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylamine (DEA), and triethylamine (TEA) has been studied. As the reference material, titanium dioxide prepared by the sol-gel method using titanium(IV) isopropoxide as a precursor was applied. The preparation procedure involved heat treatment in the microwave reactor or in the high-temperature furnace.

Activated Iron-Porous Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Methylene Blue and Congo Red.

The adsorption properties of microporous carbon materials modified with iron citrate were investigated. The carbon materials were produced based on resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, treated in a microwave assisted solvothermal reactor, and next carbonized in the tube furnace at a temperature of 700 °C under argon atmosphere. Iron citrate was applied as a modifier, added to the material precursor before the synthesis in the reactor, in the quantity enabling to obtain the nanocomposites with C:Fe mass ratio equal to 10:1.

Thermal and/or Microwave Treatment: Insight into the Preparation of Titania-Based Materials for CO Photoreduction to Green Chemicals.

Titanium dioxide was synthesized via hydrolysis of titanium (IV) isopropoxide using a sol-gel method, under neutral or basic conditions, and heated in the microwave-assisted solvothermal reactor and/or high-temperature furnace. The phase composition of the prepared samples was determined using the X-ray diffraction method. The specific surface area and pore volumes were determined through low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies.

Iron-Carbon Nanospheres as Promising Material for Magnetic Assisted Adsorption and Separation of Impurities from a Liquid Phase.

The composites containing various iron compounds and highly microporous carbon spheres were produced and investigated for structural and magnetic properties. Iron citrate, nitrate and chloride were used to prepare samples and the obtained products contained iron, iron carbide or magnetite. All the produced samples were characterized by high porosity and good magnetic properties.

DFT Calculation of Carbon-Doped TiO Nanocomposites.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) has been proven to be an excellent material for mitigating the continuous impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Carbon doping has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the CO reduction performance of TiO. In this study, we investigated the effects of carbon doping on TiO using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

On the Selectivity of Simultaneous CO and N Reduction Using TiO/Carbon Sphere Photocatalysts Prepared by Microwave Treatment and Mounted on Silica Cloth.

This paper presents new photocatalysts obtained by treating carbon spheres (CS) and TiO in a microwave reactor at a pressure of 20 atm and a temperature of up to 300 °C for 15 min and then depositing TiO/CS composites on glass fibre cloths. Such highly CO-adsorbing photocatalysts showed photoactivity in the simultaneous water-splitting process, generating H, reducing CO to CO and CH, and reducing N to NH. In addition, calculations of the hydrogen balance involved in all reactions were performed.

Influence of Potassium-Based Activation on Adsorptive Properties of Carbon Spheres Modified with Iron(III) Citrate.

Composites synthesized from iron(III) citrate and carbon spheres, and activated with potassium compounds were prepared and then characterized using XRD, SEM, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption methods. The adsorption properties of the composites toward carbon dioxide were assessed using CO uptake measurement, as well as by measuring their selectivity toward carbon dioxide, given their further application as photocatalysts for the reduction of this gas. The effect of changing preparation conditions on the structural and adsorption properties of the material was assessed.

CO Sorbents Based on Spherical Carbon and Photoactive Metal Oxides: Insight into Adsorption Capacity, Selectivity and Regenerability.

This work aimed to obtain hybrid composites based on photoactive metal oxide and carbon having adsorption properties. The materials, composed of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide and spherical carbon, were obtained from resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, treated in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves and then subjected to carbonization, were received. The functional groups of pure carbon spheres (unsaturated stretching C=C, stretching C-OH and C-H bending vibrations), CS/ZnO and CS/TiO samples were determined by FT-IR analysis.

CO Adsorption Study of Potassium-Based Activation of Carbon Spheres.

The adsorption properties of microporous spherical carbon materials obtained from the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, treated in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves and then subjected to carbonization, are presented. The potassium-based activation of carbon spheres was carried out in two ways: solution-based and solid-based methods. The effect of various factors, such as chemical agent selection, chemical activating agent content, and the temperature or time of activation, was investigated.

New Insight on Carbon Dioxide-Mediated Hydrogen Production.

A new approach to hydrogen production from water is described. This simple method is based on carbon dioxide-mediated water decomposition under UV radiation. The water contained dissolved sodium hydroxide, and the solution was saturated with gaseous carbon dioxide.

Magnetic Resonance Studies of Hybrid Nanocomposites Containing Nanocrystalline TiO and Graphene-Related Materials.

Nanocomposites based on nanocrystalline titania modified with graphene-related materials (reduced and oxidized form of graphene) showed the existence of magnetic agglomerates. All parameters of magnetic resonance spectra strongly depended on the materials' modification processes. The reduction of graphene oxide significantly increased the number of magnetic moments, which caused crucial changes in the reorientation and relaxation processes.

The Effect of the Modification of Carbon Spheres with ZnCl on the Adsorption Properties towards CO.

Zinc chloride and potassium oxalate are often applied as activating agents for carbon materials. In this work, we present the preparation of ZnO/carbon spheres composites using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as a carbon source in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves. Zinc chloride as a zinc oxide source and potassium oxalate as an activating agent were applied.

Changes in Porous Parameters of the Ion Exchanged X Zeolite and Their Effect on CO Adsorption.

Zeolite 13X (NaX) was modified through ion-exchange with alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. The degree of ion exchange was thoroughly characterized with ICP, EDS and XRF methods. The new method of EDS data evaluation for zeolites was presented.

ZnO/Carbon Spheres with Excellent Regenerability for Post-Combustion CO Capture.

This paper examines the synthesis of the ZnO/carbon spheres composites using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as a carbon source and zinc nitrate as a zinc oxide source in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves. The influence of activation with potassium oxalate and modification with zinc nitrate on the physicochemical properties of the obtained materials and CO adsorption capacity was investigated. It was found that in the case of nonactivated material as well as activated materials, the presence of zinc oxide in the carbon matrix had no effect or slightly increased the values of CO adsorption capacity.

Pressureless and Low-Pressure Synthesis of Microporous Carbon Spheres Applied to CO Adsorption.

In this work, low-pressure synthesis of carbon spheres from resorcinol and formaldehyde using an autoclave is presented. The influence of reaction time and process temperature as well as the effect of potassium oxalate, an activator, on the morphology and CO adsorption properties was studied. The properties of materials produced at pressureless (atmospheric) conditions were compared with those synthesized under higher pressures.

Nanocomposite Titania-Carbon Spheres as CO and CH Sorbents.

Photocatalysis can offer solutions for the transformation of greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide. In the paper, a candidate for such a photocatalyst is presented, based on a composite of titania with carbon spheres. The material was obtained using microwave assisted solvothermal synthesis, enabling good dispersion of titania.

Cobalt-based Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition.

An effect of promoters such as calcium, aluminium, and potassium oxides and also addition of chromium and manganese on the structure of cobalt catalysts was examined. Studies of the catalytic ammonia decomposition over the cobalt catalysts are presented. The studies of the ammonia decomposition were carried out for various ammonia-hydrogen mixtures in which ammonia concentration varied in the range from 10% to 100%.

Equilibrium and kinetic studies on acid dye Acid Red 88 adsorption by magnetic ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles.

A magnetic ZnFe2O4 (MNZnFe) was synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal method and was used as an adsorbent for the removal of acid dye Acid Red 88 (AR88) from aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters such as initial AR88 concentration (10-56 mg L(-1)), pH solution (3.2-10.