Modification in mitochondrial function is associated with the FADS1 variant and its interaction with alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet-An exploratory study.

Fatty acid desaturase (FADS1) variant-rs174550 strongly regulates polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis. Additionally, the FADS1 is related to mitochondrial function. Thus, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial function are associated with the genetic variation in FADS1 (rs174550) in human adipocytes isolated from individuals consuming diets enriched with either dietary alpha-linolenic (ALA) or linoleic acid (LA).

Underweight, overweight, and weight change in older family caregivers and their care recipients: longitudinal evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to identify differences among body mass index (BMI) categories of older family caregivers (≥60 years) and their care recipients (≥65 years). Secondly, this study aimed to examine group differences and factors associated with weight change during a nutrition and oral health intervention. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrial.

Eight-year diet and physical activity intervention affects serum metabolites during childhood and adolescence: A nonrandomized controlled trial.

Long-term lifestyle interventions in childhood and adolescence can significantly improve cardiometabolic health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an 8-year diet and physical activity intervention in a general population of children. The research revealed that the intervention influenced 80 serum metabolites over two years, with 17 metabolites continuing to be affected after eight years.

Effect of Two Forms of Tenofovir on Duodenal Enterocytes - a Hypothesis for Different Effect of TDF and TAF on Body Weight and Plasma Lipids.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) compared to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) leads to lower body weight and plasma lipids by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesize that TDF, when absorbed, may damage enterocytes of the proximal duodenum, leading to reduced absorption of nutrients.

Methods: People living with HIV, without significant gastrointestinal symptoms, receiving TDF (n=12) or TAF (n=12) containing regimen underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopies with duodenal biopsies.

Association between inflammatory markers, body composition and frailty in home-dwelling elderly: an 8-year follow-up study.

Frailty has been linked to inflammation and changes in body composition, but the findings are inconsistent. To explore this, we used the Frailty Index (FI) definition to (1) investigate the association between levels of inflammatory markers (baseline) and change in FI score after 8 years of follow-up and (2) investigate the longitudinal associations between inflammatory markers, body composition, and frailty. Home-dwelling elderly (≥ 70 years) were invited to participate in the study and re-invited to a follow-up visit 8 years later.

Family caregivers' better nutritional status is associated with care recipients' better nutritional status.

Background And Aims: A high proportion of older care recipients (CRs) face malnutrition and risk of malnutrition, affecting their functional abilities and posing challenges for caregiving. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for malnutrition among older CRs and the associated characteristics of both CRs and family caregivers (FCs) with nutritional status of CRs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study consisted of 120 CRs (≥65 years) and their 118 FCs (≥60 years).

Healthy dietary pattern is associated with lower glycemia independently of the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Finnish men.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia is affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. We investigated if dietary patterns associate with glycemia in individuals with high or low genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Men (n = 1577, 51-81 years) without T2D from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort filled a food-frequency questionnaire and participated in a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test.

Use of oral health care services by family caregivers and care recipients: the LENTO intervention.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of an individually tailored preventive oral health intervention on the use of oral health care services by older family caregivers (FCs) and their care recipients (CRs).

Material And Methods: A randomized controlled six and 12-month oral health intervention study included FCs and CRs aged ≥65 years living in Eastern Finland. The participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (FCs n = 53, CRs n = 47) and a control (FCs n = 39, CRs n = 35) group.

Dietary n-3 alpha-linolenic and n-6 linoleic acids modestly lower serum lipoprotein(a) concentration but differentially influence other atherogenic lipoprotein traits: A randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal, genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor. Limited evidence suggests that dietary unsaturated fat may increase serum Lp(a) concentration by 10-15 %. Linoleic acid may increase Lp(a) concentration through its endogenous conversion to arachidonic acid, a process regulated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster.

The impact of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota: a systematic review of human studies.

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in interventions targeting overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. IF may affect the gut microbiome composition and therefore have various effects on gut microbiome mediated functions in humans. Research on the effects of IF on human gut microbiome is limited.

Inferring personal intake recommendations of phosphorous and potassium for end-stage renal failure patients by simulating with Bayesian hierarchical multivariate model.

Most end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients face a risk of malnutrition, partly due to dietary restrictions on phosphorous and, in some cases, potassium intake. These restrictions aim to regulate plasma phosphate and potassium concentrations and prevent the adverse effects of hyperphosphatemia or hyperkalemia. However, individual responses to nutrition are known to vary, highlighting the need for personalized recommendations rather than relying solely on general guidelines.

Associations of Lifestyle Patterns with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Finnish Adults at Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Scope: Various lifestyle and sociodemographic factors have been associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their combined associations with T2D risk factors have been studied much less.

Materials And Results: This study investigates cross-sectional associations of lifestyle patterns with T2D risk factors among 2925 adults at increased risk participating in the Stop Diabetes study.

Genotype and Dietary Fat Modify Concentrations of Plasma and Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids.

The GG genotype of the Patatin-like phosphatase domain-containing 3 (), dietary fat, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We studied the impact of the quality of dietary fat on plasma (p) and fecal (f) SCFA and p-BCAA in men homozygous for the rs738409 variant (I148M). Eighty-eight randomly assigned men (age 67.

Assessing Social Inequalities in Older Family Caregivers' Frailty Conditions, Comorbidity, and Cognitive Functioning: A Cross-sectional Study.

We aimed to assess the social inequalities in older family caregivers' frailty conditions, comorbidity, and cognitive functioning. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Study participants were recruited in 2019 in Finland.

Associations of diet quality and food consumption with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in Finnish children: the PANIC study.

Purpose: To investigate the associations of overall diet quality and dietary factors with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in a general population of children.

Methods: We studied 194 girls and 209 boys aged 6-8 years participating in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Food consumption was assessed by 4-day food records and diet quality was quantified by the Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI).

Depressive symptoms, low-grade inflammation, and poor oral health prevents the success of nutritional guidance in older caregivers.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine which factors prevents the success of nutritional interventions for older family caregivers (FCs), in the form of individually tailored nutritional guidance.

Methods: The present study focuses on the intervention group of FCs (n = 63) of a randomized controlled trial. Older FCs (≥60 years of age) receiving a care allowance for a home-living care recipient (≥65 years of age) were included in the present study, which focused on nutritional interventions via individually tailored nutritional guidance provided by a clinical nutritionist.

Time to act! - A cross-sectional study on how nutritional risk increases during hospitalization and associates with worse outcome.

Background & Aims: Nutritional risk is prevalent, and it develops negatively during hospital stay. The aim of this cohort study was to assess the association of nutritional risk with total costs of hospital care, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with hospitalized patients (n = 3053).

Gut ecological networks reveal associations between bacteria, exercise, and clinical profile in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.

Our study is applying a community-based approach to examine the influence of exercise on gut microbiota (GM) and discover GM structures linked with NAFLD improvements during exercise. The majority of microbiome research has focused on finding specific species that may contribute to the development of human diseases. However, we believe that complex diseases, such as NAFLD, would be more efficiently treated using consortia of species, given that bacterial functionality is based not only on its own genetic information but also on the interaction with other microorganisms.

Older family caregivers' diet-related disparities: Cross-sectional evidence from Finland.

Background: Some older family caregivers experience financial vulnerabilities due to their caregiving role, which may affect their ability to afford appropriate food. This study aimed to assess the extent to which there are diet-related disparities among older family caregivers in Eastern Finland.

Methods: This study is based on the multidisciplinary LifEstyle, NutriTion and Oral health in caregivers (LENTO) study.

Severity of Inflammation Is Associated with Food Intake in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients-A Merged Data Analysis.

The extent to which inflammation impacts food intake remains unclear, serving as a key risk factor for malnutrition as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). To address this, we analyzed a large, merged dataset of geriatric hospitalized patients across Europe. The study included 1650 consecutive patients aged ≥65 year from Germany, Italy, Finland, Denmark, and Poland.

Towards Individually Tailored Diets in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease regarding its phenotype and genotype [...

Prevalence and risk factors of frailty among older family caregivers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of frailty and identify the demographical and clinical factors associated with frailty among older family caregivers.

Method: The participants of this cross-sectional study were older family caregivers (n = 125) living in Eastern Finland. Data on functional and cognitive status, depressive symptoms, nutritional status, medication, chronic diseases, stroke, and oral health were obtained.