[Narcotic Use under Probation and Parole Supervision - A longitudinal Study of Risk-group-specific Recidivism under Abstinence Conditions].

Study Objective: The aim of this long-term study was to record substance-specific prevalences of illegal use of narcotics despite court-imposed abstinence requirements.

Methods: Urine assays were obtained by a public health department on the basis of administrative assistance for the probation department of a district court. The individual and valid allocation of these urine samples was ensured using a proven marker system.

[Urine Screening for Narcotics under Court-Imposed Abstinence Requirements: Comparative Validity of Forensic-Toxicological Analyses with Involvement of Public Health Services].

Aim Of The Study: Assessment of the comparative validity between qualitative and quantitative analyses of urine screenings for defined narcotics residues under court-imposed abstinence restrictions.

Methods: Following the introduction of a valid marker system which, based on the application of a defined sugar substance and its detection in the urine of person under probation in 2006, urine samples were assayed in administrative cooperation by a Bavarian public health office for probationary services for evidence of narcotics. The urine samples were sent to an external laboratory in order to carry out forensic toxicological analyses for defined narcotics.