Harmonized cross-species cell atlases of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia.

Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) are specialized to detect and transduce diverse environmental stimuli to the central nervous system. Single-cell RNA sequencing has provided insights into the diversity of sensory ganglia cell types in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans, but it remains difficult to compare cell types across studies and species. We thus constructed harmonized atlases of the DRG and TG that describe and facilitate comparison of 18 neuronal and 11 non-neuronal cell types across six species and 31 datasets.

Virus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Causes Cardiomyopathy Through Eliciting Inflammatory Responses in the Heart.

Background: Viral infections can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic inflammation, and secondary cardiovascular complications. Lung macrophage subsets change during ARDS, but the role of heart macrophages in cardiac injury during viral ARDS remains unknown. Here we investigate how immune signals typical for viral ARDS affect cardiac macrophage subsets, cardiovascular health, and systemic inflammation.

Reproducible Reporting of the Collection and Evaluation of Annotations for Artificial Intelligence Models.

This work puts forth and demonstrates the utility of a reporting framework for collecting and evaluating annotations of medical images used for training and testing artificial intelligence (AI) models in assisting detection and diagnosis. AI has unique reporting requirements, as shown by the AI extensions to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklists and the proposed AI extensions to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) and Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklists. AI for detection and/or diagnostic image analysis requires complete, reproducible, and transparent reporting of the annotations and metadata used in training and testing data sets.

Recruited macrophages elicit atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation disrupts contraction of the atria, leading to stroke and heart failure. We deciphered how immune and stromal cells contribute to atrial fibrillation. Single-cell transcriptomes from human atria documented inflammatory monocyte and macrophage expansion in atrial fibrillation.

A unifying force for the realization of medical AI.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine has grown rapidly, yet few algorithms have been deployed. It is not the problem with the AI itself but with the way functions and results are communicated. Regulatory science provides the appropriate language and solutions to this problem for three reasons: First, there is value in the intentionally interdisciplinary regulatory language.

Human and mouse trigeminal ganglia cell atlas implicates multiple cell types in migraine.

Sensitization of trigeminal ganglion neurons contributes to primary headache disorders such as migraine, but the specific neuronal and non-neuronal trigeminal subtypes that are involved remain unclear. We thus developed a cell atlas in which human and mouse trigeminal ganglia are transcriptionally and epigenomically profiled at single-cell resolution. These data describe evolutionarily conserved and human-specific gene expression patterns within each trigeminal ganglion cell type, as well as the transcription factors and gene regulatory elements that contribute to cell-type-specific gene expression.