Phytoconstituents Targeting the Serotonin 5-HT Receptor: Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Disorders.

The 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (5-HTR), a subtype of serotonin receptor, is a ligand-gated ion channel crucial in mediating fast synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This receptor significantly influences various neurological activities, encompassing neurotransmission, mood regulation, and cognitive processing; hence, it may serve as an innovative target for neurological disorders. Multiple studies have revealed promising results regarding the beneficial effects of these phytoconstituents and extracts on conditions such as nausea, vomiting, neuropathic pain depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, cognition, epilepsy, sleep, and dyskinesia via modulation of 5-HTR in the pathophysiology of neurological disorder.

Comparative analyses of anti-inflammatory effects of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene and Curcumin: and evidences.

Unlabelled: Inflammation is an adaptive response that involves activation, and recruitment of cells of innate and adaptive immune cells for restoring homeostasis. To safeguard the host from the threat of inflammatory agents, microbial invasion, or damage, the immune system activates the transcription factor NF-κB and produces cytokines such as TNF-α, IL- 6, IL-1β, and α. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) controls the increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn controls inflammation.

Effectiveness of Novel Drug Delivery System using Curcumin in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain degeneration that gradually impairs a person's memory and cognitive skills, eventually making it harder for them to perform everyday activities. Its pathophysiology has been attributed to the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and α-synuclein (A-s) in some cases. Presently, 4 drugs have been approved for the treatment.

Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.

Cafeteria diet (CD) model for in-vivo studies mimics the western diet having imbalanced nutritional value, high caloric-density and palatability. Uncontrolled eating leads to the development of childhood obesity, poor self-esteem and depression due to its effects on brain development. Herbal supplements are novel inclusion in the management of obesity and mental well-being.

Improved Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Deuterium-Reinforced Tricyclic Antidepressants Doxepin, Dosulepin, and Clomipramine in Animal Models.

Background And Objectives: Doxepin, dosulepin, and clomipramine are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) that act as serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. The metabolites formed by N-dealkylation of these tricyclic antidepressants contribute to overall poor pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Deuteration of the methyl groups at metabolically active sites has been reported to be a useful strategy for developing more selective and potent antidepressants.

Resveratrol attenuates early life stress induced depression in rats: Behavioural and neurochemical evidence.

Purpose: Maternal deprivation (MD), a severe naturalistic type of stress in the early postnatal days, is a well-established model of early life stress (ELS) that models juvenile adversity and may result in significant depressive disease in adults. In order to analyze the behavioural, brain monoamine level and HPA axis dysregulations caused by ELS and to determine whether Resveratrol (Res) could counteract these effects, Wistar rat pups were subjected to the MD paradigm, which simulated the consequences of depression.

Methods: The pups on their postnatal day 1-10 were divided in 5 groups (n = 8); nondeprived (ND), maternally deprived (DC), standard fluoxetine (FLX) (5 mg/kg i.

Pterostilbene ameliorates type-2 diabetes mellitus - Induced depressive-like behavior by mitigating insulin resistance, inflammation and ameliorating HPA axis dysfunction in rat brain.

One of the most serious mental health comorbidities associated with diabetes mellitus is depression. The occurrence is almost double in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with the general population. Pterostilbene (PTE), a dimethylated analog of resveratrol, has been reported for significant neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects.

An Overview of Chemistry, Kinetics, Toxicity and Therapeutic Potential of Boldine in Neurological Disorders.

Boldine is an alkaloid obtained from the medicinal herb Peumus boldus (Mol.) (Chilean boldo tree; boldo) and belongs to the family Monimiaceae. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties.

Rodent models for diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with many health complications and is potentially a morbid condition. As prevalence increases at an alarming rate around the world, research into new antidiabetic compounds with different mechanisms is the top priority. Therefore, the preclinical experimental induction of DM is imperative for advancing knowledge, understanding pathogenesis, and developing new drugs.

Recent Advances in the Endogenous Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Drugs Acting on It.

The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is the part of the endocrine system that plays a prime role in the control of essential hypertension. Since the discovery of brain RAS in the seventies, continuous efforts have been put by the scientific committee to explore it more. The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR).

Corrigendum to "Phytochemical analysis and antifertility potential of in female Wistar rats: A herbal approach towards contraception" [Chin Herb Med 12 (2020) 281-288].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of curcumin attenuates depression in olfactory bulbectomized rats.

Background: Current therapies for depression remain limited and plagued by various side effects. Problems associated with curcumin administration include poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability issues. Hence to overcome these, curcumin self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) which will result in a nanosize emulsion droplets when administered were formulated in the present study.

Phytochemical analysis and antifertility potential of in female Wistar rats: A herbal approach towards contraception.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antifertility activity of ether (ErCD), chloroform (CeCD) and ethyl alcohol (EyCD) extracts of the whole plant of in female Wistar albino rats.

Methods: Acute oral toxicity and an antifertility study were performed in female Wistar rats with two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) of EyCD. The estrogenic and progestogenic effects of EyCD were further observed by administering it to immature Wistar rats by investigations of vaginal cornification, hormonal level, uterus weight, biochemical parameters, histopathology of the uterus and deciduoma formation, respectively.

Beneficial effects of Stevioside on AGEs, blood glucose, lipid profile and renal status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The advanced glycated end products (AGEs) are formed in the diabetic patients; it is a major cause of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes. Clinically there is no treatment available for the AGEs. Stveoside (Stv), a sweetener has potent anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activity.

Ferulic acid ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.

Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound with potent antioxidant activity. The objective of the study was to study the protective effects of FA on doxorubicin (Dox)-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Wistar rats received vehicle (control) or Dox (20 mg/kg, i.

Ameliorative effects of type-A procyanidins polyphenols from cinnamon bark in compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation.

Allergic diseases are a significant health concern in developing countries. Type-A procyanidin polyphenols from cinnamon ( Blume) bark (TAPP-CZ) possesses antiasthmatic and antiallergic potential. The present study was aimed at the possible anti-allergic mechanism of TAPP-CZ against the compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced mast cell degranulation in isolated rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs).

Telmisartan attenuates diabetes induced depression in rats.

Background: Role of brain renin angiotensin system (RAS) is well understood and various clinical studies have proposed neuroprotective effects of ARB's. It is also assumed that diabetic depression is associated with activation of brain RAS, HPA axis dysregulation and brain inflammatory events. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the antidepressant effect of low dose telmisartan (TMS) in diabetes induced depression (DID) in rats.

Prophylactic effects of asiaticoside-based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves on experimental migraine: Involvement of 5HT1A/1B receptors.

The present study aimed at evaluation of prophylactic efficacy and possible mechanisms of asiaticoside (AS) based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves (INDCA) in animal models of migraine. The effects of oral and intranasal (i.

Antiallergic effect of piperine on ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.

Context: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that affects a large number of population. Piperine (PIP) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, and immunomodulatory activities; however, its antiallergic profile has not been studied.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the antiallergic potential of PIP in ova-albumin (OVA)-induced AR, mast cell degranulation (MSD), and OVA-induced paw edema.

Anti-allergic effect of intranasal administration of type-A procyanidin polyphenols based standardized extract of cinnamon bark in ovalbumin sensitized BALB/c mice.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate anti-allergic effects of intranasal administration of type-A procynidines polyphenols (TAPP) based standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (TAPP-CZ) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental allergic rhinitis (AR) in BALB/c mice. Sixty male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups of ten each (G1-G6). The mice from G1 were nonsensitized and maintained as normal group.

Effect of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. on postmenopausal syndrome in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) is present in many Ayurveda compound formulations including Chavanaprasha and Dasamoolarishta.

Protective effect of hesperetin in rat model of partial sciatic nerve ligation induced painful neuropathic pain: an evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity.

Behavioral, biochemical and gene expression changes were investigated in a rat model of partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) after administration of hesperetin (20, 50mg/kg; p.o.), pregabalin (10mg/kg; p.

Diuretic potential of aqueous extract of roots of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad & Wendl, a preliminary study.

In traditional system of medicine S. xanthocarpum is used treating difficulty in urination and renal calculus. The objective of the present study was to scientifically evaluate diuretic potential of S.