An Updated Review of Membranous Nephropathy.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The discovery of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) as a target antigen has led to a paradigm shift in the understanding and management of MN. At present, serum PLA2R antibodies are used for diagnosis, prognostication, and guiding treatment.

COVID and the Kidney: An Update.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to a global pandemic that continues to be responsible for ongoing health issues for people worldwide. Immunocompromised individuals such as kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients have been and continue to be among the most affected, with poorer outcomes after infection, impaired response to COVID-19 vaccines, and protracted infection. The pandemic also has had a significant impact on patients with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD), with CKD increasing susceptibility to COVID-19, risk of hospital admission, and mortality.

PARAKID: Navigating the relation between paraproteins and kidney lesions: A multi-center retrospective observational study.

Introduction: Monoclonal gammopathy is a heterogeneous group of disorders due to the clonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells or B lymphocytes. Patients develop kidney disease not only due to malignant transformation but also due to the idiosyncratic properties of the M protein and the host factors. We aim to study the spectrum of kidney diseases in patients with paraproteinemia.

Social, political and legal determinants of kidney health: Perspectives from lower- and middle-income countries with a focus on India.

The social determinants of health (SDoH) are the non-medical factors that influence kidney health outcomes directly or indirectly in a substantial manner and include conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age. Many such challenges in lower- and middle- income countries have an unfavourable impact on kidney health. These conditions potentially influence economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies, and political systems.

The changing landscape in nephrology education in India.

Digital tools have revolutionized education in nephrology in India. All forms of in-person learning are moving online. Social media have taken over the world, with clinicians learning and promoting multidirectional education methods.

SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Expert Consensus.

Despite the availability of multiple therapies for chronic kidney disease (CKD), there still exists an unmet need for better options to slow down disease progression and prevent complications. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial, which demonstrated the renoprotective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin, independent of diabetes, with improved survival, even in patients with CKD with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as low as 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 , has highlighted the potential beneficial role of SGLT2i in patients with CKD.

Acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 infected patients requiring dialysis: experience from India and Pakistan.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) was common in the first two waves of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic in critically ill patients. A high percentage of these patients required renal replacement therapy and died in the hospital.

Methods: The present study examines the clinical presentation, laboratory parameters and therapeutic interventions in critically ill patients with AKI admitted to the ICU in two centres, one each in India and Pakistan.