Architecture of the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes.

The NADPH Oxidases (NOX) catalyze the deliberate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are established regulators of redox-dependent processes across diverse biological settings. Proper management of their activity is controlled through a conserved electron transfer (ET) cascade from cytosolic NADPH substrate through the plasma membrane to extracellular O. After decades-long investigations of their biological functions, including potential as drug targets, only very recently has atomic-resolution information of NOX enzymes been made available.