Oxidative Stress Induces Changes in Molecular Markers Associated with Ferroptosis in Human Spermatozoa.

Purpose: Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by increased bioavailability of redox-active iron, loss of GPX4 antioxidant capacity, and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress induced by arachidonic acid (AA) on ferroptotic cell death in human spermatozoa.

Materials And Methods: Spermatozoa from normozoospermic donors were exposed to AA (5, 25, and 50 µM) for 1 hour at 37 ℃, including an untreated control.

Earth's ambipolar electrostatic field and its role in ion escape to space.

Cold plasma of ionospheric origin has recently been found to be a much larger contributor to the magnetosphere of Earth than expected. Numerous competing mechanisms have been postulated to drive ion escape to space, including heating and acceleration by wave-particle interactions and a global electrostatic field between the ionosphere and space (called the ambipolar or polarization field). Observations of heated O ions in the magnetosphere are consistent with resonant wave-particle interactions.

Thawing of cryopreserved sperm from domestic animals: Impact of temperature, time, and addition of molecules to thawing/insemination medium.

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in optimizing the protocols intended to sperm cryopreservation in domestic animals. These protocols include initial cooling, freezing, and thawing. While different attempts have been devised to improve sperm cryopreservation, the efficiency of this reproductive biotechnology is still far from being optimal.

Exogenous Oxidative Stress in Human Spermatozoa Induces Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: Effect on Mitochondrial Function, Sperm Motility and Induction of Cell Death.

Oxidative stress (OS) and disrupted antioxidant defense mechanisms play a pivotal role in the etiology of male infertility. The alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium (Ca) homeostasis are the main activators for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. The mPTP opening is one of the main mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in spermatozoa.

Cytotoxic Oxidative Stress Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps' Components on Cattle Spermatozoa.

Bovine spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS), and it is known to affect their cellular functions. The main leukocyte producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian semen are polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). PMN activation can result in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have been shown to affect the motility and function of spermatozoa.

A rural teledentistry care experience: a geriatric approach to assessing oral health status and treatment needs in older adults from a Mapuche community in Chile.

Background: Limited attention has been given to oral health challenges faced by older Indigenous populations, especially in rural settings, where disparities exist. This study aims to assess oral health in a rural Mapuche community in southern Chile, utilizing geriatric technology support, and exploring the connection between geriatric health and oral well-being to fill a gap in this context.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 76 independent older adults from a rural Mapuche community who required dental care.

Extrusion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Negatively Impacts Canine Sperm Functions: Implications in Reproductive Failure.

Reproductive failure in dogs is often due to unknown causes, and correct diagnosis and treatment are not always achieved. This condition is associated with various congenital and acquired etiologies that develop inflammatory processes, causing an increase in the number of leukocytes within the female reproductive tract (FRT). An encounter between polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and infectious agents or inflammation in the FRT could trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are associated with significantly decreased motility and damage to sperm functional parameters in other species, including humans.

[Prevalence of nasal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in medical students in Chile: comparison between pre-clinical and clinical environment].

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in medical students in pre-clinical versus clinical courses at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and to describe the epidemiological, clinical and molecular pattern of the MRSA strains obtained.

Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 299 undergraduate and graduate medical students from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 44 first-year students and 29 second-year students, corresponding to students of courses without regular clinical exposure and 26 sixth-year students, 58 seventh-year and 142 residents, who are daily exposed to hospital environments.

Results: A carriage of 0% (0/73) was found in students not exposed to the clinic (pre-clinical courses) and 0.

Model of micro-metastases of breast cancer cells in ovarian tissue: Cryopreservation of ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells with increased speed of warming increases malignancy.

In medicine, ovarian tissue cryopreservation exists for fertility preservation of cancer patients. In fact, ovarian tissue frozen for subsequent thawing and re-transplantation can be contaminated with cancer cells. Therefore, investigations on the effect of cryopreservation on the post-thawed viability of such cells are relevant.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of artificial intelligence versus clinicians for skin cancer diagnosis.

Scientific research of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology has increased exponentially. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of AI algorithms for skin cancer classification in comparison to clinicians with different levels of expertise. Based on PRISMA guidelines, 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were screened for relevant articles up to August 2022.

Direct impact of COVID-19 vaccination in Chile: averted cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths.

Background: Chile rapidly implemented an extensive COVID-19 vaccination campaign, deploying a diversity of vaccines with a strategy that prioritized the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. This study aims to assess the direct impact of vaccination on the number of COVID-19 related cases, hospital admissions, ICU admissions and deaths averted during the first year and a half of the campaign.

Methods: Via Chile's transparency law, we obtained access to weekly event counts categorized by vaccination status and age.

Vaginal Microbiota and Proinflammatory Status in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Exploratory Study.

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disease most common in patients of childbearing age. This pathology is associated with clinical, metabolic, and reproductive complications. We evaluated the diversity of the vaginal microbiota (VM), the vaginal inflammatory reaction (VIR), the proinflammatory state, and the activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) with the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses for the Optimization of Thawing Regimes during Conventional Cryopreservation of Mature and Immature Human Testicular Tissue.

Cryopreservation of human testicular tissue, as a key element of anticancer therapy, includes the following stages: saturation with cryoprotectants, freezing, thawing, and removal of cryoprotectants. According to the point of view existing in "classical" cryobiology, the thawing mode is the most important consideration in the entire process of cryopreservation of any type of cells, including cells of testicular tissue. The existing postulate in cryobiology states that any frozen types of cells must be thawed as quickly as possible.

Patterns of Recurrence of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Literature Review.

The incidence of melanoma has been dramatically increasing over the last decades. Melanoma is considered to have a high metastatic potential and it can progress via lymphatic vessels or through hematogenous metastasis. Different patterns of recurrence have been described, namely, local, satellite, and in transit metastasis (LCIT), lymphatic metastasis, and systemic metastasis.

Management of periocular keratinocyte carcinomas with Mohs micrographic surgery and predictors of complex reconstruction: a retrospective study.

Background: Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer worldwide and the most frequent periocular tumor. Keratinocyte Carcinomas (KC) located in periorificial areas, such as periocular tumors, are considered high-risk tumors. Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is considered the first line for the treatment of high-risk KC, providing a lower recurrence rate than conventional wide excision.

Effect of different sperm populations on neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) formation in cattle.

In cattle, clinical and subclinical inflammation in the bovine female reproductive tract (FRT) significantly reduces fertility. PMN participate in this FRT-associated inflammation by eliminating pathogens by eliciting various defense mechanisms, with the release of neutrophil extracellular traps NETs) being the latest process discovered. Consistently, human-, bovine- and porcine-derived spermatozoa induce release of NETs in exposed PMN of the same species origin, and thereby decreasing sperm motility through NETs-mediated entrapment.

Active alcohol consumption is associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure in Hispanic patients.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical entity associated with elevated short-term mortality. We aimed to characterize patients with decompensated cirrhosis according to presence of ACLF, their association with active alcohol intake, and long-term survival in Latin America.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of decompensated cirrhotic in three Chilean university centers (2017-2019).

Slow Freezing of Preserved Boar Sperm: Comparison of Conventional and Automated Techniques on Post-Thaw Functional Quality by a New Combination of Sperm Function Tests.

The slow freezing of boar sperm is the only way to preserve genetic material for extended periods; this can be achieved with exposure to liquid nitrogen vapors (conventional) or by using automated freezing equipment. The aim was to compare the effect of both techniques on post-thaw functionality. Boar sperm devoid of seminal plasma and resuspended in lactose-egg yolk-glycerol medium were cryopreserved.

First report of Species Complex causing root and rhizome rot of in Colombia.

Achira, Ker, a plant native to South America, is the source of a starch used for food and industrial purposes. Since 2016, Colombian growers of the main cropping regions, Cundinamarca (CU), Nariño (NA), and Huila (HU) are experiencing yield losses due to rhizome rots. Surveys of the affected areas evidenced wilting and collapsed plants, with oxidized rhizomes and affected root masses.

FeTPPS, a Peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalyst, Ameliorates Nitrosative Stress in Human Spermatozoa.

Excessive levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as peroxynitrite, promote nitrosative stress, which is an important cause of impaired sperm function. The metalloporphyrin FeTPPS is highly effective in catalyzing the decomposition of peroxynitrite, reducing its toxic effects in vivo and in vitro. FeTPPS has significant therapeutic potential in peroxynitrite-related diseases; however, its effects on human spermatozoa under nitrosative stress have not been described.