Obesity and Weight Loss Diets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: What Physicians Should Know.

Nutritional approach has been intensely investigated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but, despite many sparse reports, at present, there is not a universally accepted specific diet. In fact, nutritional requirements and, therefore, the ideal diet, may vary according to disease type, extension and activity. Among nutritional related issue in IBD, obesity has become a relevant one.

Stenosing Crohn's disease patients display gut autophagy/oxidative stress imbalance.

In this pilot study, we assessed the role of autophagy in Crohn's Disease (CD), particularly in patients with a stenosing phenotype. Through the analysis of biopsied specimens from 36 patients, including 11 controls and 25 CD patients, categorized into inflammatory and stenosing groups, we identified a significant reduction in the autophagosomal marker Lc3b-II in patients with active inflammation and stenosis. This was paralleled by an increase in oxidative stress markers, including sNOX2-dp and H2O2, and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity measured by HBA, suggesting an imbalance in autophagy and oxidative stress mechanisms.

Safety and Potential Role of GG Administration as Monotherapy in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with Mild-Moderate Clinical Activity.

Probiotics are microorganisms that confer benefits to the host, and, for this reason, they have been proposed in several pathologic states. Specifically, probiotic bacteria have been investigated as a therapeutic option in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but clinical results are dishomogeneous. In particular, many probiotic species with different therapeutic schemes have been proposed, but no study has investigated probiotics in monotherapy in adequate trials for the induction of remission.

Application of validated bleeding risk scores for atrial fibrillation in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding patients increases videocapsule endoscopy's diagnostic yield: a retrospective monocentric study.

Background: Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) is considered the gold standard for overt and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), after negative upper and lower endoscopy. Nonetheless, VCE's diagnostic yield is suboptimal, and it represents a costly, time-consuming, and often not easily available technique. In order to evaluate bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, several scoring systems have been proposed, but their utilization outside the original clinical setting has rarely been explored.

WITHDRAWN: The Role of capsule endoscopy and device assisted enteroscopy for small bowel lesions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

But how many misunderstood Crohn's disease are revealed "by chance" using Capsule Endoscopy in Chronic Recurrent OGIB? Experience of a Single Italian Center and long term follow-up.

Objective: The role of capsule endoscopy (CE) in Crohn's disease (CD) has expanded with greater understanding of the technology. The ability of CE to differentiate CD from other causes of inflammation has been questioned. Longitudinal studies are required to assess the long-term impact and significance of CE findings in suspected CD.

Is capsule endoscopy appropriate for elderly patients? The influence of ageing on findings and diagnostic yield: An Italian retrospective study.

Background: Few data are available on the use of capsule endoscopy in the elderly.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 1008 consecutive patients referred to our centre between December 1, 2002 and January 30, 2014 who underwent capsule endoscopy for various indications. Patients were enrolled and divided into 3 sub-groups according to their age (Group A: <50 years; Group B: 50-69 years; Group C: >70 years).

The Interaction among Microbiota, Immunity, and Genetic and Dietary Factors Is the Condicio Sine Qua Non Celiac Disease Can Develop.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. This is a complex disorder involving both environmental and immune-genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is determined by HLA-DQ genes.

A pilot study of capsule endoscopy after a standard meal for the detection and grading of oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

Background: Capsule endoscopy has been proposed as an alternative to fibreoptic endoscopy for oesophageal varices evaluation in cirrhotics. However, it shows only moderate sensitivity compared to fibreoptic endoscopy.

Aim: To compare post-meal capsule endoscopy to fibreoptic endoscopy, based on the hypothesis that meal-induced increase of portal pressure can enhance its sensitivity.

Obscure recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding: a revealed mystery?

Objective: Nowadays, capsule endoscopy (CE) is the first-line procedure after negative upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Approximately, two-thirds of patients undergoing CE for OGIB will have a small-bowel abnormality. However, several patients who underwent CE for OGIB had the source of their blood loss in the stomach or in the colon.

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial on efficacy and safety of association of simethicone and Bacillus coagulans (Colinox®) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that affects 15-20% of the Western population.

Background: There are currently few therapeutic options available for the treatment of IBS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of a medical device containing a combination of Simethicone and Bacillus coagulans in the treatment of IBS.

Negative capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding reliable: recurrence of bleeding on long-term follow-up.

Aim: To assess the rate of recurrent bleeding of the small bowel in patients with obscure bleeding already undergone capsule endoscopy (CE) with negative results.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records related to 696 consecutive CE performed from December 2002 to January 2011, focusing our attention on patients with recurrence of obscure bleeding and negative CE. Evaluating the patient follow-up, we analyzed the recurrence rate of obscure bleeding in patient with a negative CE.

Evaluation of gastric and small bowel transit times in coeliac disease with the small bowel PillCam®: a single centre study in a non gluten-free diet adult Italian population with coeliac disease.

Background: The mechanisms underlying bowel disturbances in coeliac disease are still relatively unclear. Past reports suggested that small bowel motor abnormalities may be involved in this pathological condition; there are no studies addressing small bowel transit in coeliac disease before and after a gluten-free diet.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine whether capsule endoscopy (CE) could serve as a test for measurement of gastric and small bowel transit times in a group of symptomatic or asymptomatic coeliac patients at the time of diagnosis with respect to a control group.

Update on triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: current status of the art.

With the rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, the treatment success of standard triple therapy has recently declined to unacceptable levels (ie, 80% or less). Following the failure of conventional triple therapy, novel eradication regimens have been developed including sequential therapy, concomitant quadruple therapy, hybrid (dual-concomitant) therapy, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, and a therapy with administration of N-acetylcysteine before a culture-guided antibiotic regimen. This article reviews the literature published on Helicobacter pylori eradication in the last year, focusing on the development of alternative strategies for first-, second-, and third-line rescue therapy for the eradication of H.

Increased diagnostic yield of small bowel tumors with PillCam: the role of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Italian single-center experience.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors, accounting for 1-3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies; they are, however, the most common gastric and small bowel mesenchymal tumors. The length and relative inaccessibility of the small bowel have long constrained the diagnosis of GISTs mainly presenting with chronic or intermittent bleeding as the sole clinical manifestation.

Aim: To report on the prevalence of small bowel GISTs in a prospectively recorded series of patients undergoing capsule endoscopy (CE).

Colon capsule endoscopy: Advantages, limitations and expectations. Which novelties?

Since the first reports almost ten years ago, wireless capsule endoscopy has gained new fields of application. Colon capsule endoscopy represents a new diagnostic technology for colonic exploration. Clinical trials have shown that colon capsule endoscopy is feasible, accurate and safe in patients suffering from colonic diseases and might be a valid alternative to conventional colonoscopy in selected cases such as patients refusing conventional colonoscopy or with contraindications to colonoscopy or when colonoscopy is incomplete.

Advance in diagnosis and treatment of small bowel tumors: a single-center report.

Background: The past decade has seen significant advances in the evaluation of the small bowel, long considered as the "black box" in gastroenterology. The development of several endoscopic techniques, including capsule endoscopy (CE) and double (DBE)- and single (SBE)-balloon enteroscopy, has improved the evaluation of this part of the gut and led to reach a more precise preoperative diagnosis of small-bowel tumors. These rare tumors were previously diagnosed only after laparotomy, although laparoscopic advanced surgery can be used for minimally invasive therapeutic approach in these patients.

Helicobacter pylori infection: is sequential therapy superior to standard triple therapy? A single-centre Italian study in treatment-naive and non-treatment-naive patients.

Background: Clarithromycin resistance has decreased the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori.

Aims: To determine whether a 10-day course of sequential therapy (ST) is more effective at eradicating H pylori infection than triple therapy (TT) in the first or second line, and to assess side effects and compliance with therapy.

Methods: One hundred sixty treatment-naive and 40 non-treatment-naive patients who were positive for H pylori infection by ¹³C-urea breath test or endoscopy were enrolled.

Single-balloon push-and-pull enteroscopy system: does it work? A single-center, 3-year experience.

Background: The last decade has seen significant advances in the evaluation of the small bowel. Several endoscopic techniques have been developed in recent years: capsule endoscopy (CE), double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), and, more recently, the single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE). The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic impact, safety, and feasibility of the SBE procedure after a 3-year experience.

Obscure-occult bleeding: resolution of unexplained chronic sideropenic anaemia by colonoscopic removal of a colonic leiomyoma.

Although leiomyomas of the stomach or small intestine are relatively common, those of the colon or rectum are rare. Several cases of endoscopic resection of colorectal leiomyomas have been described. However, conventional polypectomy of leiomyomas can result in perforation.

Spontaneous right ventricular thrombus in a patient with active ulcerative colitis and protein C deficiency: a review with a case report.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic condition of gastrointestinal tract whose pathogenesis results from the complex interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Is well known how IBD patients have an increased risk of thrombosis.

Objectives: To assess the frequency and characteristics of thromboembolic events (TEE) in IBD and the role of certain etiopathological factors in such thrombotic patients.

Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia: Is it worthwhile to perform capsule endoscopy?

Background: In around 30% of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) cases a definite diagnosis cannot be made.

Aim: To investigate the role of capsule endoscopy (CE) in detecting lesions in patients with unexplained IDA after a negative endoscopic, serologic and haematologic diagnostic work up and its possible role in influencing clinical outcome.

Methods: 138 patients suffering from IDA were identified among 650 consecutive patients undergoing CE at our unit.