Climate and health education in public health schools worldwide during 2023-24: a survey.

Background: Public health professionals are crucial in implementing health-promoting climate change adaptation and mitigation measures, yet climate education is inconsistently integrated into public health curricula worldwide. We aimed to assess the proportion of institutions that provided public health degrees with climate and health education, the annual number of students trained in climate and health, and the extent to which students had climate and health knowledge during 2023-24.

Methods: From Nov 1, 2023, to March 15, 2024, our online survey quantified climate and health education in public health schools that provide degrees across all WHO regions.

VIS-NIR hyperspectral imaging and multivariate analysis for direct characterization of pelagic fish species.

The identification of fish species and their physical and chemical characterization play a crucial role in the fishing industry, fish-food research and the management of marine resources. Traditional methods for species identification, such as expert observation, DNA barcoding and meta-barcoding, though effective, require labor-intensive laboratory work. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective and efficient methodologies for accurate fish species identification and characterization.

Effects of elevated CO on the critical oxygen tension (P) and aerobic metabolism of two oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) hypoxia tolerant squat lobster species.

Marine invertebrates living in oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), where low pO and high pCO conditions co-occur, display physiological mechanisms allowing them to deal with these coupled stressors. We measured aerobic metabolic rate (MR) and the critical oxygen tension (P), and calculated the oxygen supply capacity (α) of both the red (Grimothea monodon) and yellow (Grimothea johni) squat lobsters, under two pCO scenarios (~414 and 1400 μatm). We also measured haemolymph pH, haemocyanin oxygen binding affinity (p), and haemolymph lactate content in both species under normoxia, low pCO hypoxia and high pCO hypoxia.

How plastic litter sunk by biofouling recovers buoyancy - The role of benthic predation.

Estimates suggest that the amount of plastic litter discarded in the ocean is several times greater than what remains floating at the sea surface, raising questions about the fate of this marine debris. Fouling-induced sinking of plastic litter is one of the proposed mechanisms responsible for this mass difference. While some of this 'missing' plastic mass may be explained by the effects of fouling, it has also been hypothesized that sinking litter may return to the surface after benthic organisms consume the biofouling.

Evidence of plastic pollution from offshore oceanic sources in southern Chilean Patagonian fjords.

The Chilean Patagonian fjords are globally renowned as one of the few remaining pristine environments on Earth; however, their ecosystems are under significant threat from climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Of particular concern is the lack of research into the impact of plastic pollution on the waters and biodiversity of these fjords. In this study, the marine environment of a secluded and sparsely populated fjord system in southern Patagonia was sampled to assess microplastics in seawater, beaches, bottom sediment, and zooplankton.

A Spatial-Spectral Classification Method Based on Deep Learning for Controlling Pelagic Fish Landings in Chile.

Fishing has provided mankind with a protein-rich source of food and labor, allowing for the development of an important industry, which has led to the overexploitation of most targeted fish species. The sustainable management of these natural resources requires effective control of fish landings and, therefore, an accurate calculation of fishing quotas. This work proposes a deep learning-based spatial-spectral method to classify five pelagic species of interest for the Chilean fishing industry, including the targeted , and and non-targeted and fish species.

Citizen scientists study beach litter along 12,000 km of the East Pacific coast: A baseline for the International Plastic Treaty.

Anthropogenic Marine Litter (AML) accumulating on beaches causes damage to coastal ecosystems and high costs to local communities. Volunteers sampled AML on 130 beaches along the central and southern East Pacific coasts, with AML densities ranging from 0.46 to 2.

Digital Classification of Chilean Pelagic Species in Fishing Landing Lines.

Fishing landings in Chile are inspected to control fisheries that are subject to catch quotas. The control process is not easy since the volumes extracted are large and the numbers of landings and artisan shipowners are high. Moreover, the number of inspectors is limited, and a non-automated method is utilized that normally requires months of training.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding prenatal alcohol consumption among women in Leyte, the Philippines.

Objectives: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) captures the broad range of emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and congenital abnormalities associated with maternal alcohol consumption, and women living in resource-limited settings may be higher risk. This study aims to examine knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs (KAPB) of women in Leyte, The Philippines regarding prenatal alcohol consumption.

Methods: One hundred postpartum women were recruited from a birth cohort in Leyte.

Cellulosic and microplastic fibers in the Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus and Sub-Antarctic Harpagifer bispinis.

Human settlements within the Antarctic continent have caused significant coastal pollution by littering plastic. The present study assessed the potential presence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of the Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus, endemic to the polar region, and in the sub-Antarctic fish Harpagifer bispinis. H.

A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology.

The fossil record of cetaceans documents how terrestrial animals acquired extreme adaptations and transitioned to a fully aquatic lifestyle. In whales, this is associated with a substantial increase in maximum body size. Although an elongate body was acquired early in cetacean evolution, the maximum body mass of baleen whales reflects a recent diversification that culminated in the blue whale.

Behavioural and physiological responses to salinization and air exposure during the ontogeny of a freshwater South American snail.

Salinization is of global concern, threatening freshwater biodiversity. Salinity tolerance is highly variable and therefore needs to be evaluated on a species-specific basis. An estuarine population of a freshwater gastropod endemic to Chile and classified as vulnerable, has been recently found in the Biobío River's mouth, suggesting some degree of tolerance to brackish waters.

Does the loss of diadromy imply the loss of salinity tolerance? A gene expression study with replicate nondiadromous populations of Galaxias maculatus.

The recurrent colonization of freshwater habitats and subsequent loss of diadromy is a major ecological transition that has been reported in many ancestrally diadromous fishes. Such residency is often accompanied by a loss of tolerance to seawater. The amphidromous Galaxias maculatus has repeatedly colonized freshwater streams with evidence that freshwater-resident populations exhibit stark differences in their tolerance to higher salinities.

Are physiological responses in foraminifera reliable environmental stress bioindicators? A systematic review.

Foraminifera are considered good bioindicators of environmental stress based on morphological abnormalities, but physiological responses occur far earlier and have not been evaluated as pollution markers. The aim of this review was to collate all published articles reporting physiological changes in foraminifera after environmental and anthropogenic stressors, to evaluate their reliability as early markers of environmental stress. We reviewed 70 studies, meeting the inclusion criteria, reporting 13 physiological effects classes after exposure to 17 different stressors.

Slow and steady hurts the crab: Effects of chronic and acute microplastic exposures on a filter feeder crab.

Microplastics are a widespread environmental contaminant. Although detrimental effects on aquatic organisms are well documented, little is known about the long-term effects of microplastic exposure to filter-feeding organisms at ecologically realistic levels. This study investigates the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene micro beads ranging in size from 3 to 30 μm, on the physiology and energetics of a coastal filter-feeding crab Petrolisthes laevigatus.

Body mass and cell size shape the tolerance of fishes to low oxygen in a temperature-dependent manner.

Aerobic metabolism generates 15-20 times more energy (ATP) than anaerobic metabolism, which is crucial in maintaining energy budgets in animals, fueling metabolism, activity, growth and reproduction. For ectothermic water-breathers such as fishes, low dissolved oxygen may limit oxygen uptake and hence aerobic metabolism. Here, we assess, within a phylogenetic context, how abiotic and biotic drivers explain the variation in hypoxia tolerance observed in fishes.

Sperm whales (Physeteroidea) from the Pisco Formation, Peru, and their trophic role as fat sources for late Miocene sharks.

Shark-cetacean trophic interactions, preserved as bite marks in the fossil record, mostly correspond to isolated or fragmentary findings that bear limited information about major trophic patterns or roles. Here, we provide evidence of focalized foraging by sharks in the form of tooth bite marks over physeteroids fossil bones from the late Miocene of Peru. These findings indicate that sharks were targeting the forehead of coeval physeteroids to actively feed on their lipid-rich nasal complexes.

Miocene fossils from the southeastern Pacific shed light on the last radiation of marine crocodylians.

The evolution of crocodylians as sea dwellers remains obscure because living representatives are basically freshwater inhabitants and fossil evidence lacks crucial aspects about crocodylian occupation of marine ecosystems. New fossils from marine deposits of Peru reveal that crocodylians were habitual coastal residents of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) for approximately 14 million years within the Miocene ( 19 to 5 Ma), an epoch including the highest global peak of marine crocodylian diversity. The assemblage of the SEP comprised two long and slender-snouted (longirostrine) taxa of the Gavialidae: the giant and a new early diverging species, .

Current Practices in and Barriers to Physiotherapists' Use of Resistance Exercise with Older Adults in Acute Care.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe physiotherapists' current use of resistance exercise (REx) with older adults in acute care and to identify barriers to its use with this population. We developed an online questionnaire guided by the theoretical domains framework and distributed it to physiotherapists across British Columbia. We used thematic analysis to code open-text questionnaire responses.

Oxidative damages and antioxidant defences after feeding a single meal in rainbow trout.

Feeding and digestion are metabolically demanding causing a rise on metabolic rate called Specific Dynamic Action (SDA). Although SDA has been vastly reported in fish, its potential consequences on the oxidative-antioxidant balance has not been evaluated to date in fish, a model with a long alkaline tide associated with feeding as well. Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model species, the aims of the present study were to: (1) assess potential oxidative damages and changes in oxidative defences after feeding on a single meal, and (2) identify the timescale of such changes over a 96 h post-feeding period.

Correction to: Late Neogene evolution of the Peruvian margin and its ecosystems: a synthesis from the Sacaco record.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s00531-021-02003-1.].

Microplastic concentration, distribution and dynamics along one of the largest Mediterranean-climate rivers: A whole watershed approach.

Microplastics (MPs) have been recognized as one of the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants globally. They have been found in all ecosystems studied to date, threatening biological diversity, ecosystem functioning and human health. The present study aimed to elucidate the environmental and anthropogenic drivers of MP dynamics in the whole catchment of the Biobío river, one of the largest rivers in South America.