Surveillance of antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Czech Republic, respiratory study results, 2010-2017.

Aim: The purpose of the surveillance performed from October to December in 2010-2017 was to monitor the trends in the susceptibility to beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from respiratory tract infections in the Czech Republic.

Material And Methods: Between 42 and 55 laboratories participated in the study every year. Consecutive non-duplicate pneumococcal isolates from relevant microbiological specimens from patients with community-acquired bacterial respiratory tract infection were sequentially included in the study.

Trends in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole for Strains of Bordetella pertussis isolated in the Czech Republic in 1967-2015.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine trends in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin used as first-line therapy and alternative antibiotics against Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) strains isolated from patients with whooping cough in the Czech Republic (CR) in three periods from 1967 to 2015.

Methods: In total, 135 isolates from the years 1967–2015 were analysed.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin and other antibiotics for Czech strains of Bordetella pertussis.

Aim Of The Study: To test the susceptibility to first-line and alternative antibiotics of 70 Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) strains recovered from patients with whooping cough through national pertussis surveillance in the Czech Republic (CR) in 1967-2010.

Material And Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and co-trimoxazole were tested by the reference agar dilution method on Bordet-Gengou agar with 15 % defibrinated sheep blood.

[Resistance monitoring working group: resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline in human isolates of Campylobacter spp. in the Czech Republic tested by the EUCAST standard method].

Study Aim: To determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans in the Czech Republic and to test their susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used to treat campylobacteriosis by the standard EUCAST method.

Material And Methods: Consecutive Campylobacter isolates recovered from clinical specimens in 49 microbiological laboratories within one month in 2013 were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Enteric fever imported to the Czech Republic: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility.

The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported enteric fever in Czech travellers and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated strains. Retrospective descriptive study included adult patients treated with enteric fever at Hospital Na Bulovce during January 2004-December 2012. A case of typhoid or paratyphoid fever was defined as isolation of Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi from blood or stool.

High prevalence of ST131 among CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli from community-acquired infections, in the Czech Republic.

A total of 2,683 nonrepetitive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from microbiological laboratories covering all regions of the Czech Republic, during April 2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli were assessed.

[Antibiotic resistance in nontyphoidal salmonellae serovars in the Czech Republic].

Study Aim: To determine antibiotic resistance and incidence of multidrug resistance among Nontyphoidal salmonellae serovars isolated from humans.

Material And Methods: Consecutive Salmonella isolates from patients, recovered in 48 microbiology laboratories in May 2012, were analyzed in the respective reference laboratories at the National Institute of Public Health. Strains were re-identified and differentiated into serovars.

KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a Czech patient previously hospitalized in Greece and in vivo selection of colistin resistance.

Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria peak clinical interest due to their ability to hydrolyze most β-lactams, including carbapenems; moreover, their genes spread through bacterial populations by horizontal transfer. Bacteria with acquired carbapenemase have sporadically been reported in the Czech Republic, so far only in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we described the first finding of a KPC-2-producing strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was isolated from a surgical wound swab, decubitus ulcer, and urine of a patient previously hospitalized in Greece.

[Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes in 1996-2009].

Study Objectives: To analyze trends in the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and macrolides and of S. pyogenes to macrolides over a 14-year period and to determine serotypes and molecular characteristics in a selected group of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to these antibiotics.

[Interpretation of the susceptibility test results in enterobacteria producing 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporin- or carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases].

The interpretation of the susceptibility of Gram-negative rods to beta-lactams is currently under discussion in CLSI and EUCAST--two authorities on determination of clinical breakpoints. This article summarizes the current knowledge about clinical breakpoints in enterobacteria and proposes guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories in the Czech Republic.

[Nocardia farcinica as the causative agent of a brain abscess in a patient with interstitial lung disease].

This case report describes a two-step protocol for the identification of the causative agent of nocardiosis in a patient with brain abscess, antibiotic susceptibility testing and etiological treatment after neurosurgery. The patient treated with corticosteroids for pulmonary fibrosis and presenting with multiple neurological manifestations was admitted to a neurosurgery clinic. CT and contrast MRI revealed an expansive multilocular lesion 45 x 35 mm in size in the left parietal lobe, differentially diagnosed as malignant glioma.

DHA-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a teaching hospital in the Czech Republic.

Thirty-eight AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates identified from January to October 2006 in a large teaching hospital in the Czech Republic were analyzed. The AmpC cephalosporinase was identified as DHA-1, encoded by a plasmid-located complex class 1 integron, previously observed in a K. pneumoniae isolate from the Parisian region.

Carbapenem-nonsusceptible strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing SHV-5 and/or DHA-1 beta-lactamases in a Czech hospital.

Resistance to carbapenems in enterobacteria is mediated by the production of several types of carbapenemases or by the decreased permeability of the outer membrane, combined with the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC-like cephalosporinases. The objective of this study was to characterize carbapenem-nonsusceptible (C-NS) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the University Hospital in Plzen (Czech Republic) and compare them with carbapenem-susceptible (C-S) K. pneumoniae isolates from the same patients.

Serotype-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Czech children.

To estimate the invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, invasive isolates (n=138) were compared with nasopharyngeal isolates (n=153) from children under 6 years of age in the Czech Republic. Odds ratios (ORs) based on a comparison of the distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes amongst invasive and carriage isolates were calculated for individual serotypes and 172 strains were characterized using multilocus sequence typing.

[Filamentous "contaminants" in the mycobacteriology laboratory; their culture, identification and clinical significance].

Frequent "contaminants" detected during mycobacterial culture of decontaminated samples are bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. These are usually bacteria classified as the family Corynebacterineae, genera Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Gordonia, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Tsukamurella. These bacteria frequently colonize the airways and, under certain circumstances, they may cause life-threatening diseases.

Clonal distribution of invasive pneumococci, Czech Republic, 1996-2003.

We conducted surveillance on invasive pneumococci isolated from adults in the Czech Republic during 1996-2003. The 7 most prevalent serotypes were characterized. Coverage with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was low.

International clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a Czech hospital.

A 2-month survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers was performed in a Czech hospital. Klebsiella pneumoniae produced SHV-2, -5, or -12, Escherichia coli produced CTX-M-9 or -15, and other species produced TEM-92 or -132. All K.

First identification of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Czech Republic.

Since 2005, invasive isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been collected in the Czech Republic as part of the European Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). Forty-eight microbiology laboratories throughout the country including approximately 81% of the population provide consecutive isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Surprisingly, no metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) was found in 1,259 invasive isolates tested over the past three years until the detection of two MBL-producing strains in mid-2008.

Improvements in antibiotic prescribing by community paediatricians in the Czech Republic.

Repeated surveys among primary care paediatricians were performed annually from 1998 to 2002 in the Czech Republic. The task was to assess the prescription of antibiotics in treatment of respiratory infections in children. The results were evaluated in the light of existing guidelines and conclusions were used in a number of interventions aimed at reducing the inadequate use of antibiotics and hence preventing the potential increase of the antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Hospital antibiotic management in the Czech Republic--results of the ABS maturity survey of the ABS International group.

Background: Hospital antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programs are essential for ensuring long-lasting quality of antibiotic usage and for controlling antimicrobial resistance in the hospital setting.

Methods: A questionnaire for self-assessment of a hospital's ABS maturity was sent to 80 Czech hospitals in May 2007. The survey was focused on diagnostic issues, control of antibiotic consumption, antibiotic-related organization and tools, antibiotic-related personnel development and antibiotic-related relationships to relevant environments.

High genotypic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis in the Czech Republic.

Over the last decade, epidemic and frequently multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has increasingly been found among European cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the Czech Republic, more than half of the registered CF patients attend the Prague CF centre. At this centre, a Burkholderia cenocepacia strain was recently found to have spread among the patients.

Dissemination of a capsular and antibiotype variant of the England-9 pneumococcal clone in the Czech Republic.

Forty-one clinical isolates of serotype 19F Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to chloramphenicol and/or tetracycline, isolated in the Czech Republic between 1996 and 2005, were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. All but two isolates belonged to a single cluster represented by sequence type 423, a double-locus variant of clone England(14)-9. Interestingly, these two isolates differed from the dominant clone in capsular type as well as antibiotic susceptibility profile.

Emergence of a novel macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes emm53 strain.

An unusual emm53, T-28/T-non-typeable, iMLS(B) phenotype clone represented a substantial proportion (28.6%) of invasive erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates in the Czech Republic during 2003. Clonal analysis of emm53 isolates between 2001 and 2004 revealed four pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and two emm subtypes.