Sustainable use of composted sewage sludge: Metal(loid) leaching behaviour and material suitability for application on degraded soils.

Composted sewage sludge was investigated as a promising material for the reclamation or remediation of degraded sites. Using sewage sludge as soil amendment provides environmental benefits and risks while supporting circularity and waste minimisation. This study aims to comprehensively assess the suitability of locally available low-cost sludge treatment for sustainable and environmentally safe topsoil disposal in a brownfield area affected by coal mining.

Perioperative Risk Factors for Intensive Care Unit Readmissions and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify perioperative risk factors associated with intensive care unit readmission and in-hospital death after cardiac surgery.

Design: Retrospective analysis using a multivariate regression model to identify independent risk factors for intensive care unit [ICU] readmission and in-hospital mortality.

Setting: The study was carried out in a single tertiary-care hospital.

Potential benefit of optimizing atrioventricular & interventricular delays in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background & Objectives: The clinical benefit of optimization (OPT) of atrioventricular delay (AVD) and interventricular delay (VVD) in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains debatable. This study was aimed to determine the influence of AVD and VVD OPT on selected parameters in patients early after CRT implantation and at mid-term follow up (FU).

Methods: Fifty two patients (61±10 yr, 23 males) with left bundle branch block, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35 per cent and heart failure were selected for CRT implantation.

The trehalose-specific transporter LpqY-SugABC is required for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of trehalose analogues in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Mycobacteria, including the bacterial pathogen that causes human tuberculosis, possess distinctive pathways for synthesizing and utilizing the non-mammalian disaccharide trehalose. Trehalose metabolism is essential for mycobacterial viability and has been linked to in vitro biofilm formation, which may bear relevance to in vivo drug tolerance. Previous research has shown that some trehalose analogues bearing modifications at the 6-position inhibit growth of various mycobacterial species.

Earplugs during the first night after cardiothoracic surgery may improve a fast-track protocol.

Background: Sleep deprivation after major surgery is common and associated with worse outcome. Noise is one important reason for sleep fragmentation, which contributes to enhanced morbidity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of earplugs on patients' sleep quality during their first night after cardiothoracic surgery to eventually improve an existing fast-track concept.

Relationship Between Changes in Pulse Pressure and Frequency Domain Components of Heart Rate Variability During Short-Term Left Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between changes in pulse pressure (PP) and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) components caused by left ventricular pacing in patients with implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients (mean age 63±8.5 years) with chronic heart failure (CHF) and implanted CRT were enrolled in the study.

Evaluation of Resource Utilization and Treatment Patterns in Patients with Actinic Keratosis in the United States.

Objective: To compare health care resource utilization and treatment patterns between patients with actinic keratosis (AK) treated with ingenol mebutate gel (IngMeb) and those treated with other field-directed AK therapies.

Methods: A retrospective, propensity-score-matched, cohort study compared refill/repeat and adding-on/switching patterns and outpatient visits and prescriptions (health care resource utilization) over 6 months in patients receiving IngMeb versus those receiving imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac sodium, and methyl aminolevulinate or aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (MAL/ALA-PDT).

Results: The final sample analyzed included four matched treatment cohort pairs (IngMeb and comparator; n = 790-971 per treatment arm).

Parameters associated with one-year mortality and in-hospital adverse events in patients after emergency pacemaker implantation.

Background: Permanent cardiac pacing is the treatment of choice for severe and symptomatic bradycardia. Patients undergoing emergency pacemaker implantation are stabilised earlier by the insertion of a temporary emergency pacing lead, and they experience more comorbidities than with planned admissions.

Aim: To identify the parameters associated with one-year mortality and in-hospital adverse events after emergency permanent pacemaker implantation.

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of trehalose analogues: rapid access to chemical probes for investigating mycobacteria.

Trehalose analogues are emerging as valuable tools for investigating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but progress in this area is slow due to the difficulty in synthesizing these compounds. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of trehalose analogues that employs the heat-stable enzyme trehalose synthase (TreT) from the hyperthermophile Thermoproteus tenax. By using TreT, various trehalose analogues were prepared quickly (1 h) in high yield (up to >99 % by HPLC) in a single step from readily available glucose analogues.

Influence of atrioventricular optimization on hemodynamic parameters and quality of life in patients with dual chamber pacemaker with ventricular lead in right ventricular outflow tract.

Background: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether individual atrioventricular delay (AVD) optimization using impedance cardiography (ICG) offers beneficial hemodynamic effects as well as improved exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with requiring constant right ventricular pacing.

Methods: There were 37 patients with advanced AV block included in the study. Several examinations were performed at the beginning.

Whether noninvasive optimization of AV and VV delays improves the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background: Device optimization is not routinely performed in patients who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation. Noninvasive optimization of CRT devices by measurement of cardiac output (CO) can be used as a simple method to assess ventricular systolic performance. The aim of this study was to assess whether optimization of atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delay can improve hemodynamic response to CRT and whether this optimization should be performed for each patient individually.

Clinical ex vivo lung perfusion--pushing the limits.

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) provides the ability to evaluate donor lungs before transplantation. Yet, limited prospective clinical data exist with regard to its potential to recondition unacceptable donor lungs. This paper summarizes the results of a prospective study of lung transplantation using only initially unacceptable donor lungs, which were improved by EVLP for 2-4 h.

Position dependent right ventricular dysfunction caused by a giant right coronary artery aneurysm.

We describe an instructive case of a 79-year-old patient with a giant coronary aneurysm and a second smaller aneurysm with an uncommon symptomatology. Giant coronary artery aneurysms (>2 cm diameter) are rare pathologic entities with a prevalence of 0.02%.

[Ways of appearing new branches in medicine in the years 1800-1914. An attempt at formulation of an issue].

A process of appearing medical branches lasted for many centuries. Its origins can be found already in long-ago civilizations. However, the comprehensive development of knowledge on the turn of the 18th century, its transmission by the press, professional contacts, including the foreign ones, brought about the consciousness of needs and activities in medical circles.

[Problem of sexuality in Polish medical aids. The first half of XX century - to 1939].

The article presents an analysis of sexuality-related problems as they are covered in the health guidebooks so well known to her. There are a few topics addressed in Urbanek's text. She describes the evolution of the health guidebooks which was taking place at the end of the 19th and in early 20th centuries and of their users.

[Levobupivacaine for regional anesthesia. A systematic review].

Levobupivacaine [S(-)bupivacaine], the levorotatory S-enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine, is commercially available in the U.S. and in most European countries.

Clonidine as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic axillary brachial plexus block: a randomized, controlled study.

Background: We compared the effects of clonidine added to levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on axillary brachial plexus block as well as the effectiveness of levobupivacaine alone compared with bupivacaine alone.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, four groups of 20 patients each were investigated, using (i) 40 ml of levobupivacaine 0.5% plus 0.

Vasopressors for shock.

Background: Besides reversing the underlying cause, the first line treatment for the symptoms of shock is usually the administration of intravenous fluids. If this method is not successful, vasopressors such as dopamine, dobutamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and vasopressin are recommended. It is unclear if there is a vasopressor of choice, either for the treatment of particular forms of shock or for the treatment of shock in general.

Onset time, quality of blockade, and duration of three-in-one blocks with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine.

Levobupivacaine is the isolated S(-)-stereoisomer of racemic bupivacaine. Important pharmacodynamic properties of levobupivacaine have not been determined for the femoral three-in-one block. In this randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial, we studied 60 ASA physical status I-III patients scheduled for surgery of the lower limb.

[Women serving the sick and the wounded in nineteenth century Russia].

The genesis of women's service to the sick and the wounded dates from the 1820s. At the instigation of the tsarist court, assistance to the sick and wounded was provided by the so-called "widows of charity" recruited at the empress's command from among the inmates of an institution for poor officers' widows, then the Sisters of Charity. As early as the middle of the century, the Sisters' charity work had taken on a twofold character: during peacetime they cared for the poorest inhabitants, mainly of large and small towns; during wartime they cared for the sick and wounded in areas of armed conflict.

[Charity in nursing the sick].

The need for support in case of illness or poverty has probably existed ever since. In ancient times this need was indicated by means of a mythical Aesculapius staff. The importance of charity toward one's neighbors was already emphasized by Hippocrates, also in his wording of the medical oath.

[Semantic development of the word "nursing" after 1883].

The process of semantic enrichment of the word "nursing" with new features of denotation lasted half a century until it finally, at the turn of the century, acquired the denotation of actions rendered to the sick person associated so far with health prevention in to-day sense of the word. The author shows the influence of cultural-social and medical inspirations on forming of the lexical force of the word. She pays attention to the significance of the effect of the romantic cult of woman and maternity on perception of the important role of the female element and its attributes in nursing.