Cold therapy for pain relief during and after amniocentesis procedure: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To compare effects of cold therapy on patient pain score during and after amniocentesis procedure.

Methods: We performed a prospective randomized-controlled study comparing the anticipated pain, perceived pain during the procedure, and pain after 15 and 30 min of amniocentesis between pregnant women receiving cold therapy before (group 1), after (group 2), and both before and after amniocentesis (group 3) with a control group (group 4). Pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) score.