Publications by authors named "Urabe Y"
Objectives: Studies have suggested that computer-aided polyp detection using artificial intelligence improves adenoma identification during colonoscopy. However, its real-world effectiveness remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the usefulness of computer-aided detection during regular surveillance colonoscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study examined the impact of sports participation on the health status of individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), with emphasis on the role of health-related social capital (HRSC).
Methods: This study included 65 individuals with SCI (42 who participated in sports and 23 who did not). The following information was obtained from the participants through an online questionnaire: their basic information, information regarding activities of daily life independence, physical activity, mental health, lifestyle, insomnia, and social capital.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate changes in the kynurenine pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its effects on ICH-induced injury. The exposure of a primary rat microglial culture to thrombin increased the mRNA level of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), and this increase was attenuated by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Thrombin also increased the protein level of KMO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The reproducibility of dynamic balance is an essential component of athletic performance and injury prevention, although it is affected by sex differences. This study aimed to confirm the reproducibility of repeated dynamic balance measurements and ultrasonography assessments of the anterior tibiofibular gap that may contribute to changes in dynamic balance for each sex.
Methods: This was a longitudinal study involving 48 feet, with 12 men and 12 women.
Background: Additional surgery with lymph node (LN) dissection is recommended for pT1 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resected by endoscopy, based on pathological risk factors for LN metastasis (LNM), according to guidelines by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 560 consecutive patients with T1 CRC who underwent endoscopic resection alone (n=190) or initial or additional surgery with LN dissection (n=370) between 1992 and 2017 at Hiroshima University Hospital. Patients were classified into LNM low- and high-risk groups according to guidelines by the JSCCR, NCCN, and ESMO as follows.
Article Synopsis
- Serum markers like gastrin and pepsinogen help assess the risk of gastric cancer, but their effectiveness in predicting metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains uncertain.
- A study analyzed 197 patients with gastric cancer lesions who underwent ESD, finding significant predictive factors such as severe mucosal atrophy and high gastrin levels that increase the likelihood of metachronous gastric cancer.
- The research indicates that elevated serum gastrin levels, especially in patients not using proton pump inhibitors, could serve as a valuable tool for monitoring gastric cancer risk after ESD.
The level of dynamic mechanical instability between the bony parts of the ankle joint provides important information on biomechanical function. However, the dynamics of the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus during gait remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus and the ankle joint angles during the stance phase of gait between individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Purpose] The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated restrictions have raised concerns regarding the lack of exercise among college students. Videos on digital platforms have addressed this issue, although their effects on student behavior are unclear. The present study investigated whether the simultaneous distribution of e-learning and exercise videos among college students during the lifting of behavioral restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic was effective in promoting health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective Screening and surveillance methodologies for Lynch syndrome (LS) in Japan. This study assessed the changes in LS knowledge and practice trends. Methods In 2020 and 2022, 2 questionnaire surveys were administered to 3574 councilors of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology to assess changes in LS-related knowledge and practices.
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- The study aimed to assess endoscopic resection methods for cT1b colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) measuring ≤20 mm, focusing on achieving sufficient vertical margins (VMs).
- Researchers evaluated 128 patients, categorizing tumor lifting conditions into types A (soft dome), B (hard trapezoid), and non-lifting, where they found that all non-lifting tumors required hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to ensure VMs of at least 500 µm.
- The results indicated that hybrid ESD is more effective for type B tumors, producing significantly better VM outcomes compared to endoscopic mucosal resection.
An 80-year-old woman with a history of endoscopic balloon dilation for esophageal stricture caused by accidental ingestion of caustic soda during infancy presented with dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 10-cm-long, highly white, elevated lesion with a feathered appearance. This lesion was determined to be the cause of dysphagia and was completely resected via endoscopic submucosal dissection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/objectives: Colorectal neoplasia developing from ulcerative colitis mucosa (CRNUC) can be divided into ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia (UCAN) and non-UCAN; however, it is often difficult to distinguish UCAN from non-UCAN during a biopsy diagnosis. We investigated whether a genomic analysis could improve the diagnostic accuracy of UCAN using biopsy specimens.
Methods: In step 1, 14 CRNUCs were used to examine whether the genomic landscape of biopsy and resection specimens matched.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 233 athletes completed the questionnaire, with added questions for content validity; results showed high response rates and strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α values between 0.72 and 0.96).
- * Findings indicated that athletes with a previous hamstring injury had a significantly lower HaOS compared to healthy athletes, confirming the questionnaire's effectiveness for monitoring hamstring conditions in Japan.
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the differences in the acute effects of virtual and actual throwing training on throwing performance. [Participants and Methods] Twenty healthy men and six women with no boccia experience were randomly divided into the virtual and non-virtual groups. The task involved throwing boccia balls at target sets of 2 (short), 5 (middle), and 9 m (long).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/objectives: Eradication therapy for gastritis was approved for insurance coverage by the Japanese government in 2013. Since then, the incidence of gastric cancer discovered after eradication (GCAE) has increased. However, there are only a few reports of GCAE diagnosed more than 10 years after eradication.
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- Inhibition of WEE1, which controls a checkpoint in the cell cycle, triggers cell death by forcing cell division without fixing DNA damage, but its impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) immunity wasn't well understood.
- Researchers found that WEE1 expression was not linked to CRC characteristics but that WEE1 inhibitors reduced cancer cell growth and increased cell death, particularly in mutated cells.
- In mouse models, WEE1 inhibitor treatment resulted in smaller tumors and enhanced immune responses against the cancer, indicating its potential benefits for CRC patients, especially those with specific mutations.
Article Synopsis
- A 90-year-old man had advanced colon cancer treated through various endoscopic procedures and laparoscopic surgery, but a year later, a surveillance colonoscopy revealed new cancer at the site of a previous endoscopic lesion.
- The new cancer was likely caused by cancer cells from the original tumor being implanted in the ulcer created during the endoscopic procedure.
- Cancer genomic testing showed that most genetic mutations found in the new cancer matched those from the original descending colon cancer, reinforcing the idea that cells can be transferred and lead to new tumors after endoscopic interventions.
Article Synopsis
- This study compares two endoscopic techniques, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic laryngo-pharyngeal surgery (ELPS), for treating superficial pharyngeal carcinomas to assess their effectiveness.
- A review of 93 patients showed that ELPS had significantly shorter procedure times and led to less laryngeal edema compared to ESD, although long-term survival outcomes were similar for both methods.
- The findings suggest that while ELPS is quicker and less damaging, it has limitations in treating narrow areas; therefore, combining ELPS with ESD may enhance treatment efficacy.
Background: Portal hypertensive enteropathy (PHE) is a small-bowel lesion observed in patients with portal hypertension. The clinical significance of endoscopic findings in PHE remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the clinical significance and predictive factors of capsule endoscopic findings in patients with PHE based on long-term outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: PURPOSE : A vertical margin (VM) distance of < 500 µm is a risk factor for recurrence in patients with T1 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resected by endoscopy. We aimed to determine the effects of the VM distance on the recurrence and prognosis of T1 CRC.
Methods: We enrolled 168 patients with T1 CRC who underwent additional surgery after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at multiple centers between 2008 and 2016.
Background: Approximately 10% of patients with submucosal invasive (T1) colorectal cancer (CRC) have lymph node metastasis (LNM). The risk of LNM can be stratified according to various histopathological factors, such as invasion depth, lymphovascular invasion, histological grade, and tumor budding.
Summary: T1 CRC with a low risk of LNM can be cured by local excision via endoscopic resection (ER), whereas surgical resection (SR) with lymph node dissection is required for high-risk T1 CRC.
Article Synopsis
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in volleyball players, particularly during spike jump landings, and may be influenced by ball position during the jump.
- A study analyzed lower limb movements of 20 female college volleyball players when landing from spike jumps at different ball positions (normal, dominant, and non-dominant) using a 3D motion analysis system.
- Findings revealed increased knee valgus angle and maximum knee valgus moment when the ball was in the non-dominant position, suggesting that such positioning could elevate ACL injury risk and highlighting the importance of monitoring landing techniques.
Article Synopsis
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary condition leading to hundreds or thousands of colorectal polyps, which can progress to cancer if untreated; it’s caused by mutations in the APC gene.
- The report discusses two cases where women with FAP experienced an increase in fundic gland polyps after using proton pump inhibitors, which were then reduced upon switching medications.
- The study concludes that these types of medications can raise gastrin levels, leading to a rapid increase in polyps, and highlights the need for careful prescription of these drugs in FAP patients.
Severe Refractory Diarrhea Associated with COVID-19: A Case Report.
Case Rep Gastroenterol
June 2024
Article Synopsis
- COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can lead to gastrointestinal issues like severe diarrhea, which may persist even after recovery from the virus.
- A 50-year-old man with COVID-19 pneumonia developed refractory diarrhea that reached alarming volumes, leading to further medical intervention and treatment for a suspected enterocolitis linked to the virus.
- Administering methylprednisolone significantly improved the patient's condition, suggesting that corticosteroids may be beneficial for post-COVID-19 patients experiencing severe diarrhea due to abnormal immune responses.
Article Synopsis
- Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) interact in colorectal cancer (CRC), impacting tumor immunity and development.
- This study found that colon-cancer-derived CAFs promote the differentiation of monocytes into M2 macrophages, which are linked to tumor growth.
- Combining a CAF inhibitor (PLX3397) with anti-PD-1 therapy enhanced anti-tumor immunity and reduced tumor growth in a mouse CRC model, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy.