Auxiliary effect of trolox on coenzyme Q restricts angiogenesis and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells via the ERK/Akt pathway.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cancer signalling pathways and tumour maintenance, making ROS targeting a promising anti-cancer strategy. Coenzyme Q (CoQ10) has been shown to be effective against various cancers, but its impact on retinoblastoma, alone or with trolox, remains unreported. Cytotoxicity of CoQ alone and with trolox was evaluated in normal human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and Y79 retinoblastoma cells using CCK-8.

A Novel Association of Colonic Duplication with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome in an Adolescent Girl.

The association is defined as two or more malformations with unclear relationships, which do not fit the criteria of a syndrome. This case report presents a rare finding of tubular colonic duplication in association with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome in an adolescent girl. The patient presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain, necessitating surgical intervention.

Role of Cytochrome P450 3A4 in Cancer Drug Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities.

One of the biggest obstacles to the treatment of diseases, particularly serious conditions like cancer, is therapeutic resistance. The process of drug resistance is influenced by a number of important variables, including MDR genes, drug efflux, low-quality medications, inadequate dosage, etc. Drug resistance must be addressed, and new combinations based on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) characteristics of the partner pharmaceuticals must be developed in order to extend the half-lives of already available medications.

Pembrolizumab-Induced Pancreatitis: Take It With a Grain of Salt.

Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is an immunomodulator that prevents the interaction between programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and programmed death ligand (PD-L1/2) on immune cells and tumour cells, thereby preventing T cell dysfunction. At times, mounting a strong immune response against tumour cells may not spare normal cells, leading to a variety of multisystemic adverse effects. With this, we present a case of a 64-year-old male who developed acute pancreatitis after completing eight cycles of Keytruda for castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer for six months, after all other causes of pancreatitis were excluded.

Navigating the Storm: Managing Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in a High-Risk Pregnancy.

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare, life-threatening condition causing significant thrombocytopenia and bleeding with the risk of developing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It results from maternal immunizations against fetal platelet antigens. Here, we report a case of a pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation who presented to the hospital with a low platelet count of 90 th/mm and was found to have anti-human platelet antigen (HPA) 1a, 2b antibodies.

Trolox aids coenzyme Q in neuroprotection against NMDA induced damage via upregulation of VEGF in rat model of glutamate excitotoxicity.

Glutamate induced damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) requires tight physiological regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Previously, studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective abilities of antioxidants like coenzyme Q (CoQ) and vitamin E analogs like α-tocopherol against neuropathies resulting from NMDA insult, but have failed to shed light on the effect of CoQ and trolox, a hydrophilic analog of vitamin E, on glaucomatous neurodegeneration. In the current study, we wanted to investigate whether the combined effect of trolox with CoQ could alleviate NMDA-induced death of retinal cells while also trying to elucidate the underlying mechanism in relation to the yet unexplained role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity.

Identification of novel inhibitors from Urtica spp against TNBC targeting JAK2 receptor for breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women globally, and TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) is its aggressive type since it lacks the usual targets. JAK2/STAT3 pathway can be an important lead in anticancer drug discovery, as restraining the downstream signalling of this pathway results in the induction of cell apoptosis. Moreover, various limitations associated with chemotherapy are the reason to find an alternative herbal-based therapy.

Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer -A single institute-based study from Nepal.

Cancer of lip and oral cavity is the most common type of cancer in male population in South East Asia. Although it is a multifactorial disease, tobacco and alcohol use are the most common risk factors involved. Oral cancer has a direct relationship with deleterious habits.

COVID-19 vaccination up-take in three districts of Nepal.

Vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be an issue in terms of global efforts to decrease transmission rates. Despite high demand for the vaccines in Nepal, the country still contends with challenges related to vaccine accessibility, equitable vaccine distribution, and vaccine hesitancy. Study objectives were to identify: 1) up-take and intention for use of COVID-19 vaccines, 2) factors associated with vaccine up-take, and 3) trusted communication strategies about COVID-19 and the vaccines.

Factors associated with health facility delivery among reproductive age women in Nepal: an analysis of Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019.

Background: Despite existing efforts to improve maternal health in Nepal, delivery in a health facility with skilled providers is still a major health concern in Nepal. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with delivery in a health facility with skilled providers among women aged 15-49 years in Nepal.

Methods: This study used data from Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Histomorphological evaluation of placenta in SARS-CoV-2 patients: A cross-sectional study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a major pandemic of the century and little is known about the impact of maternal infection on placental histopathology. Histopathologic examination of placental tissue can contribute to significant information regarding the pathophysiology of the disease and how it affects the fetal outcome.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Pathology, Government Doon Medical College and Hospital, Dehradun, on the placenta of 50 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive pregnant females confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from August 2020 to October 2020.

Evaluation of target-specific natural compounds for drug discovery against Leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with no effective vaccine still now. Globally, it has affected millions of people, precisely in the undeveloped and developing countries. The control strategy for leishmaniasis depends only on chemotherapeutic methods that are associated with several side effects.

A Review on Immunological Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Various COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens.

The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has caused serious health crises globally. So far, 7 vaccines that are already being assessed in Phase IV clinical trials are, Comirnaty/ Pfizer; Spikevax/Moderna (m RNA vaccine); Vaxzevria or Covishield; Ad26.COV2.

Insulin like growth factor-1 works synergistically with dopamine to attenuate diabetic retinopathy by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor.

Aim: Levels of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a proangiogenic growth factor is elevated and dopamine downregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This study aims to investigate whether IGF-1 with dopamine can together modulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to prevent proliferative diabetic retinopathy while also attenuating angiogenic effects of IGF-1.

Methods: Effect of combination of levodopa L-Dopa with IGF-1 was tested on normal retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), followed by tube formation.

Clinico-pathological Spectrum of Oral Cavity Lesions at a Tertiary Care Center in Central Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. The disease burden is increasing at an alarming rate in developing Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to report the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at a tertiary cancer center in central Nepal.

Evaluation of the target-specific therapeutic potential of herbal compounds for the treatment of cancer.

Cancer is among one of the most fatal diseases leading to millions of death around the globe. Chemotherapy is the most popular conventional approach for the treatment of cancer. However, this is usually associated with various side effects and puts the patients under extreme physical and mental stress.

Identification of novel inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor from Urtica dioica to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading across the globe, so the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents is urgently needed. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), a human receptor that facilitates entry of SARS-CoV-2, serves as a prominent target for drug discovery. In the present study, we have applied the bioinformatics approach for screening of a series of bioactive chemical compounds from Himalayan stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) as potent inhibitors of ACE-2 receptor (PDB ID: 1R4L).

Macrophage activation syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and dual viremia.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a potentially fatal inflammatory condition that can rapidly lead to multi-organ failure if inadequately treated. Also, known as secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), MAS is commonly seen as a complication of systemic inflammatory disorders, like systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, MAS can also present as a complication of malignancies and infections, particularly viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HIV.

Spatial clustering of cholera cases in the Kathmandu Valley: implications for a ring vaccination strategy.

Background: In mid-2016, a cholera outbreak occurred in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This retrospective study aims to determine if a reactive, ring vaccination strategy would have been useful in preventing cholera transmission during that outbreak.

Methods: Data on cholera cases were collected as part of hospital-based surveillance in the Kathmandu Valley in 2016.

Vaccination strategies to combat novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2.

The 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from human to human has recently reported in China. Now COVID-19 has been spread all over the world and declared epidemics by WHO. It has caused a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Vasculitic neuropathy associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis, a case report.

Rheumatoid vasculitis which affects small-to-medium-sized vessels is a rare and late complication of rheumatoid arthritis. It is defined histologically as immune complex deposition in venules, capillaries and arterioles. Vasculitis in the vasa nervorum leads to infarction of peripheral nerves which leads to neuropathy.