Adsorption of emerging pollutants utilizing chitosan derivatives: Recent advances and future perspective.

Globalization resulted in technological advancement, and urban population growth. Consequently, pollution emerged as an imminent risk to the survival of all species on Earth. Consequently, on a worldwide basis, sustainability become a major issue for legislators.

Prospective Trial of Biomarker-Guided Surveillance for HPV-positive Oropharynx Cancer Using Plasma Tumor Tissue Modified Viral HPV DNA.

Background: Observational studies suggest circulating tumor HPV DNA may facilitate early detection of recurrent HPV-positive oropharynx cancer (OPC). We prospectively investigated whether biomarker-guided surveillance detects recurrence sooner than standard-of-care.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled patients evaluated for HPV-positive OPC at a single center 11/2020-4/2023 undergoing curative-intent treatment in a single-arm cohort study.

T cell dynamics with neoadjuvant immunotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being tested as neoadjuvant therapies in various solid tumours, including in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with promising results. Key findings thus far include that this approach is well-tolerated with favourable clinical outcomes including promising pathological response rates in initial studies. Pathological responses are likely to be increased by combining other agents with anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies.

CO selectivity and adsorption performance of KCO-modified zeolite: a temperature-dependent study.

High-performing zeolite materials for carbon dioxide capture are promising for applications such as flue gas CO capture. Potassium carbonate-loaded zeolites can offer a plethora of benefits. In this work, for the first time, zeolite-Y impregnated with KCO was studied as a gas adsorbent (CO, CH, and N) and characterized using TGA (thermogravimetric analyzer), XRD, BET, FTIR, FETEM (Field-Emission Transmission Electron Microscope), and XPS.

Investigating the synergistic effects of various amine groups on Zeolite-Y for CO capture.

Growing concern about global warming and greenhouse effects has led to persistent demands for increased energy efficiency and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, energy-intensive processing of carbon dioxide separation became imperative. Accordingly, energy-efficient, economically viable carbon dioxide separation technologies are sought as carbon dioxide capture options for future industrial process schemes.

Personalized ctDNA for Monitoring Disease Status in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Many patients with locoregionally advanced human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relapse. ctDNA has the potential to identify minimal residual disease, but its clinical utility for virus-negative HNSCC is not well understood.

Experimental Design: We retrospectively evaluated a personalized, commercial ctDNA assay (Signatera, Natera) during clinical care of patients treated for predominantly newly diagnosed human papillomavirus-negative HNSCC.

Perspectives on Referral Pathways for Timely Head and Neck Cancer Care.

Importance: Timely diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) because delays are associated with reduced survival rates and increased recurrence risk. Prompt referral to HNC specialists is crucial for the timeliness of care, yet the factors that affect the referral and triage pathway remain relatively unexplored. Therefore, to identify barriers and facilitators of timely care, it is important to understand the complex journey that patients undertake from the onset of HNC symptoms to referral for diagnosis and treatment.

Identification of MUC1-C as a Target for Suppressing Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Unlabelled: The MUC1-C protein is aberrantly expressed in adenocarcinomas of epithelial barrier tissues and contributes to their progression. Less is known about involvement of MUC1-C in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Here, we report that the MUC1 gene is upregulated in advanced head and neck SCCs (HNSCC).

Enhanced oral versus flank lymph node T cell response parallels anti-PD1 efficacy in head and neck cancer.

Objectives: Understanding head and neck tissue specific immune responses is important for elucidating immunotherapy resistance mechanisms to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate HNSCC-specific immune response differences between oral and subcutaneous flank tumor transplantation in preclinical models.

Materials And Methods: The MOC1 syngeneic mouse oral carcinoma cell line or versions expressing either the H2Kb-restricted SIINFEKL peptide from ovalbumin (MOC1OVA) or ZsGreen (MOC1ZsGreen) were inoculated into mouse oral mucosa (buccal space) or subcutaneous flank and compared for immune cell kinetics in tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and for anti-PD1 response.

New generation mixed matrix membrane for CO separation: Transition from binary to quaternary mixed matrix membrane.

Contemporary advances in material development associated with membrane gas separation refer to the cost-effective fabrication of high-performance, defect-free mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). For clean energy production, natural gas purification, and CO capture from flue gas systems, constituting a functional integration of polymer matrix and inorganic filler materials find huge applications. The broad domain of research and development of MMMs focused on the selection of appropriate materials, inexpensive membrane fabrication, and comparative study with other gas separation membranes for real-world applications.

Patient Experience of Head and Neck Surgery With Free Flap Reconstruction.

Importance: Major head and neck surgery with microvascular free tissue transfer reconstruction is complex, with considerable risk of morbidity. Little is known about patients' experiences, including decision-making prior to, and regret following, free flap surgery.

Objective: To characterize patient experiences and decision regret of patients undergoing head and neck reconstructive free flap surgery.

Targeting Dendritic Cell Dysfunction to Circumvent Anti-PD1 Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant anti-PD1 (aPD1) therapies are being explored in surgically resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Encouraging responses have been observed, but further insights into the mechanisms underlying resistance and approaches to improve responses are needed.

Experimental Design: We integrated data from syngeneic mouse oral carcinoma (MOC) models and neoadjuvant pembrolizumab HNSCC patient tumor RNA-sequencing data to explore the mechanism of aPD1 resistance.

TREX1 Inactivation Unleashes Cancer Cell STING-Interferon Signaling and Promotes Antitumor Immunity.

Unlabelled: A substantial fraction of cancers evade immune detection by silencing Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-Interferon (IFN) signaling. Therapeutic reactivation of this program via STING agonists, epigenetic, or DNA-damaging therapies can restore antitumor immunity in multiple preclinical models. Here we show that adaptive induction of three prime exonuclease 1 (TREX1) restrains STING-dependent nucleic acid sensing in cancer cells via its catalytic function in degrading cytosolic DNA.

Personal Social Networks and Care-Seeking for Head and Neck Cancer: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: To investigate the role of patients' personal social networks (SNs) in accessing head and neck cancer (HNC) care through patients' and health care workers' (HCWs) perspectives.

Study Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Tertiary HNC centers at 2 academic medical centers, including 1 safety net hospital.

Highly effective removal of multi-heavy metals from simulated industrial effluent through an adsorption process employing carboxymethyl-chitosan composites.

Monochloroacetic acid precursor-based carboxymethyl chitosan resins were prepared using the chitosan with variant molecular weight. The carboxymethylation assured enhanced active sites on the resin surface, acidic media stability, and henceforth its appropriate constitution to facilitate enhanced multi-heavy metal adsorption-desorption and subsequent regeneration potential. Zn, Pb, and Fe multimetal adsorption properties were investigated.

Circulating tumor-tissue modified HPV DNA testing in the clinical evaluation of patients at risk for HPV-positive oropharynx cancer: The IDEA-HPV study.

Objectives: While survival outcomes are favorable for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs), early diagnosis may minimize treatment-related morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated circulating tumor tissue-modified viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA plasma testing to facilitate early diagnosis of HPV-positive OPSCCs.

Methods: In this prospective exploratory cohort study, patients presenting to an Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery clinic with unexplained signs or symptoms considered high-risk for HPV-positive OPSCC were recruited between March 2021-October 2022.

Preexisting tumor-resident T cells with cytotoxic potential associate with response to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in head and neck cancer.

About 50% of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) experience recurrences after definitive therapy. The presurgical administration of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy results in substantial pathologic tumor responses (pTR) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of antitumor T cells upon neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade remain unresolved, and approaches to increase pathologic responses are lacking.

Synthesized carboxymethyl-chitosan variant composites for cyclic adsorption-desorption based removal of Fe, Pb, and Cu.

The global issue of environmental contamination from industrial wastewater comprising Cu, Fe and Pb demands effective treatment strategies. In this article, a functional composite sorbent was devised to selectively remove copper, iron, and lead from a real-world mimicking wastewater system. For the purpose, high, medium, and low molecular weight chitosan with amine and hydroxyl functional groups were used as a substrate, and glutaraldehyde was used to anchor the organic compound with carboxymethyl groups.

SMYD3 represses tumor-intrinsic interferon response in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Cancers often display immune escape, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we identify SMYD3 as a mediator of immune escape in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive disease with poor response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. SMYD3 depletion induces upregulation of multiple type I interferon (IFN) response and antigen presentation machinery genes in HNSCC cells.

Targeting KDM2A Enhances T-cell Infiltration in NSD1-Deficient Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a significant proportion of tumors have inactivating mutations in the histone methyltransferase NSD1. In these tumors, NSD1 inactivation is a driver of T-cell exclusion from the tumor microenvironment (TME). A better understanding of the NSD1-mediated mechanism regulating infiltration of T cells into the TME could help identify approaches to overcome immunosuppression.

Generating in silico CODEX from a small set of immunofluorescence markers.

Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assays multiple protein biomarkers on a single tissue section. Recently, high-plex CODEX (co-detection by indexing) systems enable simultaneous imaging of 40+ protein biomarkers, unlocking more detailed molecular phenotyping, leading to richer insights into cellular interactions and disease. However, high-plex data can be slower and more costly to collect, limiting its applications, especially in clinical settings.

Cyclic desorption based efficacy of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan variant resins for multi heavy-metal removal.

The simultaneous removal of Cu, Pb and Fe from water bodies has been targeted in this work with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (low, medium, and high molecular weight) derivative and with cyclic desorption efficacy target. For a varied range of adsorbent loading (0.2-2 g L), initial concentration (187.