Ovarian Masses in Children: Surgical Experience and Outcomes.

Aims: This study aims to review our experience of treating ovarian masses in children with an emphasis on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients below 18 years of age who underwent surgical treatment for ovarian masses at our institute between 2009 and 2023. Study variables included demography, clinical presentation, physical findings, tumor markers, radiologic features, operative details, histopathology, follow-up status, and overall survival.

Comparison of pooled cohort equation and PREVENT™ risk calculator for statin treatment allocation.

Background And Aims: Effective hypercholesterolemia management is linked to lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The 2018 AHA/ACC guidelines recommended using the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) for lipid management, but these may overestimate risk and be less accurate for certain racial groups. The AHA's new PREVENT equation, which omits race and includes cardiometabolic factors, aims to provide a more accurate risk assessment for a diverse population.

Management of Myocardial Infarction: Emerging Paradigms for the Future.

Despite significant advancements in managing acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions, the prevalence of heart failure has not decreased. Emerging paradigms with a focus on reducing infarct size show promising evidence in the improvement of the incidence of heart failure after experiencing acute coronary syndromes. Limiting infarct size has been the focus of multiple clinical trials over the past decades and has led to left ventricular (LV) unloading as a potential mechanism.

Safety and Efficacy of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Control Study.

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient care. The goal of this approach is to reduce the body's reaction to surgical stress by optimizing the perioperative nutritional status, promoting analgesia without opioids, and early postoperative feeding. In pediatric patients, very limited literature is available for the application of ERAS protocol.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: management for recurrent intussusceptions.

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps along with the characteristic mucocutaneous freckling. Multiple surgeries for recurrent intussusception in these children may lead to short bowel syndrome. Here we present our experience of management in such patients.

Impression Disinfection and Its Effect on Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Detail in the Times of COVID-19: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction The disinfection of impressions is crucial to eliminate the viral and other microbial loads to prevent the cross contamination of diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different virucidal disinfecting methods on the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction (SDR) of impression materials. Methods A total of 160 samples were fabricated with different impression materials using zinc oxide eugenol (Group 1), alginate (Group 2), polyether (Group 3), and addition silicone (Group 4) impression materials, each containing 40 samples (n=40).

Appendectomy in Management of Malrotation of Gut is it Necessary?

Introduction: Malrotation is a congenital anatomical anomaly that affects the normal positioning of the intestines. Traditional management of malrotation, as described by Ladd, consists of detorsion of the volvulus if present, division of Ladd's bands, widening of the mesenteric root, proper positioning of the small and large bowels, and a prophylactic appendectomy. This study was done to determine whether appendectomy should be an integral part of the Ladds procedure or if it can be avoided.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission causes significant distress that can hinder the successful transition into parenthood, child-parent relations, and child development.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand parental psychological phenomena. Here we assessed the emotional response of parents of newborns during NICU admission.

Use of an Autologous Platelet-Rich Concentrate in Hypospadias Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis.

Background: There is unanimous agreement amongst hypospadias surgeons to use an intermediate layer to cover the neourethra. Dartos fascia and tunica vaginalis (TV) flaps are the most preferred tissues to be used. Tissue glue, sealants and biomaterials are also useful where there is a paucity of local tissue to cover the neourethra.

How to suspect the presence of high-risk esophageal varices and when to start endoscopic surveillance in children with biliary atresia?

Background And Aim: Portal hypertension determines the outcome of children with biliary atresia (BA) and is common even after a successful Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). However, there are no clear-cut guidelines on the age of starting surveillance and the modality (endoscopy vs non-invasive tests [NITs]). In this cohort study, we analyzed our database to find out the utility of NITs in detecting high-risk esophageal varices in BA.

A Decade of Imaging Patients with Traumatic Brachial Plexopathy: What have We Learned?

 In this paper, the authors share their experience of imaging patients with traumatic brachial plexopathy by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) spanning over a period of nearly 10 years.  This was a single-institution, prospective, observational study conducted between August 2012 and March 2022.  Children and adults presenting to the plastic surgery outpatient department with features of traumatic brachial plexopathy were included in the study.

Neuroblastic tumours in children: Outcome from a referral centre in India.

Background: There is a paucity of uniform literature on the outcome of children with neuroblastic tumours from developing countries. This study aims to present the outcome in children having neuroblastic tumours.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with neuroblastic tumours from January 2014 to March 2020.

An Unusual Etiology: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Resulting in Transient Apical Ballooning Syndrome.

Intracranial bleeds, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, carry high morbidity and mortality rates. Often intracranial hemorrhages result in debilitating residual neurological symptoms but can be so extensive that cardiac complications can also be seen. We present a rare case of a patient who was found to have a subarachnoid hemorrhage that incited the development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, which subsequently progressed to an acute myocardial infarction.

Type 5 Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Underdiagnosed and Underrecognized Disease Process of the American Mother.

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) continues to be an area of concern due to the changing understanding of identification, pathophysiology and optimal management. Originally thought that diuretics were always the answer, recent literature has shed lights on the five major CRS subphenotypes, and while conceptual in their classifications, different strategies may be utilized to manage each type. The effect of CRS in pregnant women is largely under discussed and underappreciated as its own entity.

Knowledge and Compliance of Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Indian Health-Care Workers.

Objective: In the initial days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommended the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as chemoprophylaxis for health-care workers (HCWs) involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. The present survey aimed to assess the knowledge and compliance of HCQ prophylaxis as per the ICMR recommendations among Indian HCWs during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods: A validated 19-item questionnaire-based survey was distributed to HCWs in our apex tertiary care institute who had completed their duties in the COVID-19 wards to assess the knowledge, attitude, and compliance of all sections of HCWs regarding the ICMR-recommended HCQ prophylaxis.

Preoperative Coronary Intervention Before Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (from a Review of Literature).

There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the setting of orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver disease. The prevalence of CAD in this cohort is similar to, if not higher, than the general population. Several studies show improved survival rates for patients with obstructive CAD who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and support a low threshold for PCI in these patients.

Does the ISCHEMIA Trial Apply to My Patients?

Purpose Of Review: The ISCHEMIA trial demonstrated no difference in myocardial infarction or death in patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or large ischemia territory treated either with invasive revascularization or optimal medical therapy. Whether the findings of the randomized control trial relates to real-world outcomes is uncertain.

Recent Findings: Contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy has had a significant impact on the prognosis of coronary artery disease.

Eculizumab as a Treatment for Hyper-Haemolytic and Aplastic Crisis in Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease can experience various crises including sequestration crisis, haemolytic crisis and aplastic crisis. Due to alloantibody formation, transfusion alloantibodies can cause a haemolytic crisis. Treatment involves avoiding packed red blood cell transfusions, as well as intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids and eculizumab to decrease the chances of haemolysis.

Update on sports imaging.

Sports Imaging has dramatically increased in the past decade with increasing number of adolescents, young and middle-aged adults participating in non-competitive/hobby sports. Therefore, sports injuries are no longer confined to elite athletes. Furthermore, newer forms of sports such as mountain climbing, pickle ball and curling etc.

Empyema Induced by Dental Abscess: A Case Report.

is a gram-positive catalase-negative cocci and commensal flora of the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract. is known to be highly virulent and known to cause invasive pyogenic infection which may necessitate emergent surgical treatment. We present a case of a 53-year-old female with dental caries and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who presented with progressive shortness of breath for 1 week.