Palatally impacted maxillary canine with congenitally missing lateral incisors and midline diastema.

Multiple treatment options are available for patients who have impacted canines in addition to congenitally missing lateral incisors. This article describes the treatment of a 13-year-old postpubertal girl with bilaterally impacted permanent maxillary canines, missing lateral incisors, retained deciduous canines, and a midline diastema. The orthodontic treatment plan included extraction of the deciduous canines.

Treatment of a high angle class II malocclusion with severe crowding and enlarged adenoids: a case report.

Aim: The aim is to present the treatment of an 11-year-old, hyperdivergent, Class II division I, female patient with a history of enlarged adenoids and severe arch length discrepancies.

Methods: The malocclusion was treated by upper right molar distalisation and first premolar extractions. Accurate diagnosis, meticulous treatment planning and an unexpectedly favourable growth pattern lead to a highly satisfactory outcome.

Glyceryl monooleate-coated bioadhesive hollow microspheres of riboflavin for improved gastroretentivity: optimization and pharmacokinetics.

The bioadhesive hollow microspheres of riboflavin were developed as a site-specific gastroretentive system to prolong the residence time of drug in the stomach and, consequently, to enhance the bioavailability. Hollow microspheres (M1-M9) prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method using ethyl cellulose and Eudragit E100 as shell-forming polymers were designed using 3(2) full factorial design. The optimized formulation (M5) with 93.

Mechanism of Class II correction in prepubertal and postpubertal patients with Twin Force Bite Corrector.

Objective: To compare the dentoskeletal effects and treatment efficiency of the Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) appliance in Class II correction of patients treated before or after the pubertal growth spurt.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one normodivergent Class II patients treated with the TFBC appliance were divided into two groups based on their cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS). Group 1 (G1) consisted of 23 patients (mean age 12.

Optical needs of students with low vision in integrated schools of Nepal.

Purpose: To identify the optical needs of students with low vision studying in the integrated schools for the blind in Nepal.

Methods: A total of 779 blind and vision-impaired students studying in 67 integrated schools for the blind across Nepal were examined using the World Health Organization/Prevention of Blindness Eye Examination Record for Children with Blindness and Low Vision. Glasses and low-vision devices were provided to the students with low vision who showed improvement in visual acuity up to a level that was considered sufficient for classroom learning.

Causes of blindness and visual impairment among students in integrated schools for the blind in Nepal.

Purpose: To identify the causes of blindness and visual impairment among students in integrated schools for the blind in Nepal.

Methods: A total of 778 students from all 67 integrated schools for the blind in Nepal were examined using the World Health Organization/Prevention of Blindness Eye Examination Record for Children with Blindness and Low Vision during the study period of 3 years.

Results: Among 831 students enrolled in the schools, 778 (93.

The Warburg effect: insights from the past decade.

Several decades ago, Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells produce energy predominantly by glycolysis; a phenomenon now termed "Warburg effect". Warburg linked mitochondrial respiratory defects in cancer cells to aerobic glycolysis; this theory of his gradually lost its importance with the lack of conclusive evidence confirming the presence of mitochondrial defects in cancer cells. Scientists began to believe that this altered mechanism of energy production in cancer cells was more of an effect than the cause.

A dynamic analysis of the display of the dentition during speech.

The aim of this prospective study was to quantify the display of the dentition through the soft tissue frame during speech using videography for different age groups. Two hundred and sixty-one subjects were initially screened and were divided into five groups: group 1 (G1) (15-19 years), G2 (20-29 years), G3 (30-39 years), G4 (40-49 years), and G5 (≥ 50 years). Groups were also made on the basis of gender and history of orthodontic treatment.

Three-dimensional quantification of the force system involved in a palatally impacted canine using a cantilever spring design.

Aim: Although much imaging research has focused on the localization and management of the impacted canines, optimal biomechanics for successful recovery are not clear. The purpose of this research was to delineate the three-dimensional (3D) effects of a single force applied using a Kilroy spring on a palatally impacted maxillary canine positioned at different angulations (5 to 40 degrees) with respect to the line of force application.

Methods: A dentoform cast was modified to simulate a palatally impacted canine.

Microdamage of the cortical bone during mini-implant insertion with self-drilling and self-tapping techniques: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate microdamage accumulation after mini-implant placement by self-drilling (without a pilot hole) and self-tapping (screwed into a pilot hole) insertion techniques. The null hypothesis was that the mini-implant insertion technique would have no influence on microcrack accumulation and propagation in the cortical bones of the maxillae and mandibles of adult hounds.

Methods: Mini-implants (n = 162; diameter, 1.

A SEM evaluation of dentinal adaptation of root canal obturation with GuttaFlow and conventional obturating material.

Objective: The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare dentinal adaptation of conventional obturating material and GuttaFlow in young permanent teeth of child patients.

Materials And Methods: Ten young permanent anterior teeth with closed foramen were selected for the study. Root canal preparations were carried out using a step back technique.

Utilization of primary eye health services by people from a rural community of Nepal.

Introduction: Preventable and treatable eye diseases are still major causes of blindness in rural communities.

Objective: To find the factors influencing utilization of primary eye health services among the people in a rural community of Nepal.

Materials And Methods: This was a population-based study with a cross-sectional and descriptive design.

Mini-implants vs fixed functional appliances for treatment of young adult Class II female patients: a prospective clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the treatment effects of maxillary anterior teeth retraction with mini-implant anchorage in young adults with Class II division 1 malocclusion undergoing extraction of the maxillary first premolars with similar patients treated by a fixed functional appliance.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four young adult female patients (mean age 16.5 ± 3.

Window-type patent ductus arteriosus with acquired rheumatic mitral stenosis.

An 18-year-old patient with a window type of patent ductus arteriosus and acquired rheumatic mitral stenosis is reported for its rarity. The pitfalls in the diagnosis and surgical management of this condition are discussed.

Malin and laforin are essential components of a protein complex that protects cells from thermal stress.

The heat-shock response is a conserved cellular process characterized by the induction of a unique group of proteins known as heat-shock proteins. One of the primary triggers for this response, at least in mammals, is heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1)--a transcription factor that activates the transcription of heat-shock genes and confers protection against stress-induced cell death. In the present study, we investigated the role of the phosphatase laforin and the ubiquitin ligase malin in the HSF1-mediated heat-shock response.

Cephalometric comparison of vertical changes between Begg and preadjusted edgewise appliances.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to quantify and compare the vertical dimensional changes in bialveolar dental protrusion patients undergoing extraction of all four first premolars between the preadjusted edgewise appliance (PEA) and the Begg appliance. The cephalometric records of 55 patients (14 males and 41 females) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion were selected and divided into two groups based on the appliance used, i.e Begg or PEA mechanotherapy.

Comparison of the force systems of 3 appliances on palatally impacted canines.

Introduction: Although much imaging research has focused on the localization and the management of impacted canines, optimal biomechanics for successful recovery are not clear. The purpose of this research was to compare the 3 mechanics--Kilroy spring, elastic chain, and steel ligature wire--used for the management of impacted canines by quantifying the 6 components of force systems involved with each system.

Methods: A dentoform model was modified to simulate a palatally impacted canine.

Interatrial communication with unusual caval venous anomalies.

We report a 3-year-old patient with a rare combination of a sinus venosus interatrial communication, anomalous drainage of the right superior pulmonary vein to the right atrium, persistent left superior caval vein, and interruption of the inferior caval vein. We discuss features of anatomical and technical interest.

Vertical-dimension control during en-masse retraction with mini-implant anchorage.

Vertical dimension control with fixed appliance mechanotherapy has always been a matter of concern in moderate to severe high-angle patients with severe proclination of the anterior teeth. Extrusion of the posterior teeth is an inevitable sequela of conventional mechanics in such patients, especially if they are adults. This article reports on 3 patients who were treated with mini-implants (diameter, 1.

Influence of ceramic (feldspathic) surface treatments on the micro-shear bond strength of composite resin.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that surface treatment has no influence on the micro-shear bond strength between orthodontic composite resin cement and ceramics (feldspathic porcelain).

Materials And Methods: Circular specimens of feldspathic porcelain were fabricated and randomly divided into six groups: (1) no treatment; (2) treatment with a mixture of acidic primer and silane agent for 20 seconds; (3) etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid; (4) etching with 9.