An assessment of brief group interventions to increase condom use by heterosexual crack smokers living with HIV infection.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of brief group interventions, the positive choices intervention (PCI) and a standard intervention (SI), to increase condom use and intention to use condoms and to change condom use attitudes and beliefs. The design of the study was a randomized comparative trial. Participants were 347 heterosexual African American crack cocaine users living with HIV infection.

Factor structure of decisional balance and temptations scales for smoking: cross-validation in urban female African-American adolescents.

Background: The transtheoretical model is an influential theoretical model in health psychology, particularly in its application to smoking cessation research. Decisional Balance (DB) and Temptations are key constructs within this framework.

Purpose: This study examines the psychometric properties of the DB and Temptations scales for smoking in a predominantly African-American sample of urban adolescent girls.

Stages of consistent condom use, partner intimacy, condom use attitude, and self-efficacy in African-American crack cocaine users.

This study examined how condom use attitude, self-efficacy, and partner intimacy related to five stages of consistent condom use. Interview data were collected from sexually active, heterosexual, African-American crack cocaine smokers (N = 366). Dependent measures assessed both the participants' own responses and their perceptions about their last sex partner's own personal condom use attitude and participants' condom use self-efficacy expectations.

The RealU online cessation intervention for college smokers: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of providing online cessation intervention for college smokers.

Methods: This is a two-group randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received $10 weekly incentives to visit an online college life magazine that provided personalized smoking cessation messages and peer email support.

The impact of immigration status on tobacco use among Chinese-American adults in Texas.

Objectives: This study analyzed the impact of immigration status on current tobacco use among adult Chinese-Americans living in Texas.

Methods: A survey was administered in Chinese and English in 2004 to assess tobacco use among Chinese-American adults using a stratified probability sample from two large metropolitan areas in Texas. Data were adjusted for unequal probability of selection and weighted to provide state-wide estimates for Chinese-Americans in Texas.

Strategies for increasing adherence to an online smoking cessation intervention for college students.

High rates of Internet use among young adults make online intervention with this population particularly attractive. However, low adherence rates limit the exposure to and the potential effectiveness of these programs. This study identifies strategies for increasing adherence by examining the rates of participation for a 5-week beta (pilot) version and final version of the RealU Web site, an online intervention for college smokers.

Feasibility of Internet health screening to recruit college students to an online smoking cessation intervention.

Internet-based cessation programs are promising. However, little information exists on how to recruit college smokers to participate in online interventions. Two studies assessed the feasibility of Internet health screening as a recruitment strategy for college smokers.

A web-based, tailored asthma management program for urban African-American high school students.

Rationale: Urban African-American youth, aged 15-19 years, have asthma fatality rates that are higher than in whites and younger children, yet few programs target this population. Traditionally, urban youth are believed to be difficult to engage in health-related programs, both in terms of connecting and convincing.

Objectives: Develop and evaluate a multimedia, web-based asthma management program to specifically target urban high school students.

Smoking-related self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention: assessing factorial validity and structural relationships in 9th-12th grade current smokers.

Smoking-related self-efficacy and beliefs about the benefits of smoking are consistently related to intention to continue smoking, a common proximal outcome in youth smoking cessation studies. Some measures of these constructs are used frequently in national and state youth tobacco surveys, despite little evidence of validity for high school smokers. Further, the association of the constructs with intention has not been demonstrated in this group.

Knowing how to help tobacco users. Dentists' familiarity and compliance with the clinical practice guideline.

Background: A U.S. Public Health Service-sponsored clinical practice guideline urges all health care providers to make tobacco-use cessation counseling a routine part of clinical practice.

Psychometric evaluation of the smoking cessation Processes of Change scale in an adolescent sample.

The Processes of Change are the cognitions, behaviors, and emotions that people employ to change their behaviors. However, the processes of change remain the least studied dimension of the transtheoretical model. The present study presents a psychometric evaluation of the short form of the processes of change inventory for smoking cessation in an adolescent sample of 798 ninth-grade smokers from 22 Rhode Island high schools.