Tuberculosis infection and hypertension: prevalence estimates from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objectives: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) is marked by dynamic host-pathogen interactions with persistent low-grade inflammation and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and stroke. However, few studies assess the relationship between TBI and hypertension, an intermediate of CVD. We sought to determine the association between TBI and hypertension using data representative of the adult US population.

Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes in Indians: Time to Progression.

Objective: To describe the natural history of diabetes in Indians.

Research Design And Methods: Data are from participants older than 20 years in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia longitudinal study. Glycemic states were defined per American Diabetes Association criteria.

Attitudes and beliefs about sleep health among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of overweight/obese adults.

Objectives: To identify and compare how sleep-related attitudes and beliefs vary among racially and ethnically diverse adults with risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease.

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used online focus group discussions (N = 4 groups among 17 individuals) to collect information about sleep attitudes, beliefs, and practices following participation in the Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep and Reduce Diabetes Risk Among a Diverse Sample in Atlanta (MINDS) study. A rapid analyses approach was used to identify shared themes related to attitudes and beliefs about sleep health and sleep practices across participants.

Disparities in diabetes prevalence and management by race and ethnicity in the USA: defining a path forward.

Type 2 diabetes disparities in the USA persist in both the prevalence of disease and diabetes-related complications. We conducted a literature review related to diabetes prevention, management, and complications across racial and ethnic groups in the USA. The objective of this review is to summarise the current understanding of diabetes disparities by examining differences between and within racial and ethnic groups and among young people (aged <18 years).

Tuberculosis infection and hypertension: Prevalence estimates from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objectives: Latent Tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is marked by dynamic host-pathogen interactions with persistent low-grade inflammation and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and stroke. However, few studies assess the relationship between LTBI and hypertension, an intermediate of CVD. We sought to determine the association between LTBI and hypertension using data representative of the adult US population.

Cardiometabolic Risk in Asian Americans by Social Determinants of Health: Serial Cross-sectional Analyses of the NHIS, 1999-2003 to 2014-2018.

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are common in Asian Americans and vary by subgroup. There may be further variation by social determinants of health (SDOHs), but few studies have examined this previously.

Objective: To examine the associations of SDOHs and diabetes and hypertension within and across Asian subgroups in the USA DESIGN: Series cross-sectional analyses SETTING: National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) from 1999 to 2018 PARTICIPANTS: Asian-American adults (Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, and Other Asian [Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese, and other]) MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported diabetes and hypertension prevalence in pooled 5-year increments over 1999-2018 and multivariable regression models to assess the adjusted prevalence of diabetes or hypertension by poverty, marital status, education, and years in the USA, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and health insurance status RESULTS: From 1999-2003 to 2014-2018, the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes increased for Other Asians (absolute change: 4.

Feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability of a mobile mindfulness meditation intervention to improve sleep quality among a racially/ethnically diverse population.

Objectives: To evaluate the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of using a mindfulness meditation mobile application to improve sleep quality among a diverse group of adults.

Methods: This explanatory qualitative study used online focus group discussions (N = 4 groups with 17 individuals) to collect information about user experiences with a mindfulness meditation mobile application (Headspace) among participants enrolled in the MINDS study. A rapid analyses approach was used to descriptively compare motivators of app use, barriers and facilitators to app use, and perceived tailoring needs across participants.

Liver, visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women of South Asian and white European descent: a systematic review and meta-analysis of new and published data.

Aims/hypothesis: South Asians have a two- to fivefold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those of white European descent. Greater central adiposity and storage of fat in deeper or ectopic depots are potential contributing mechanisms. We collated existing and new data on the amount of subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT) and liver fat in adults of South Asian and white European descent to provide a robust assessment of potential ethnic differences in these factors.

Mortality differentials by previous diagnosis of diabetes and glycemic status in the United States.

Aims: This study examines mortality differences associated with current glycemic status in mortality by current glycemic status among adults with a previously diagnosed diabetes. Using previous clinical diagnosis of diabetes (diagnosed diabetes) and laboratory measures of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured at baseline, we estimated mortality differentials simultaneously by diagnosed diabetes and baseline glycemic status in the United States.

Methods: Data were from 39,491 adults aged 30-84 years assessed in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and continuous NHANES 1999-2014 linked to mortality data.

A healthy plant-based diet is favorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among participants of South Asian ancestry.

Background: Plant-based diets are recommended for chronic disease prevention, yet there has been little focus on plant-based diet quality among participants of South Asian ancestry who consume a predominantly plant-based diet.

Objectives: We evaluated cross-sectional and prospective associations between plant-based diet quality and cardiometabolic risks among participants of South Asian ancestry who are living in the United States.

Methods: We included 891 participants of South Asian ancestry who completed the baseline visit in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study.

Obesity-associated metabolites in relation to type 2 diabetes risk: A prospective nested case-control study of the CARRS cohort.

Aims: To determine whether obesity-associated metabolites are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk among South Asians.

Materials And Methods: Serum-based nuclear magnetic resonance imaging metabolomics data were generated from two South Asian population-based prospective cohorts from Karachi, Pakistan: CARRS1 (N = 4017) and CARRS2 (N = 4802). Participants in both cohorts were followed up for 5 years and incident T2DM was ascertained.

HbA1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol control in adults with diabetes: A report card for Kuwait.

Aim: To assess the level of glycemic, blood pressure, and cholesterol control (the 'ABCs') nationally amongst adults with diabetes living in Kuwait.

Materials And Methods: Using data from two national cross-sectional surveys, the levels of risk factor control were assessed in 1,801 adults with diabetes, aged 18-82 years. Glycemic control was defined as HbA1c < 7%, blood pressure control as systolic and diastolic blood pressures of <140/90 mmHg, and non-HDL cholesterol control as <3.

Interventions for Reversing Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Several interventions have been found to be effective for reversing prediabetes in adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of such interventions.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published between January 1, 2000 and June 27, 2018.

Diabetes and hypertension among South Asians in New York and Atlanta leveraging hospital electronic health records.

Background: Diabetes and hypertension disparities are pronounced among South Asians. There is regional variation in the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the US, but it is unknown whether there is variation among South Asians living in the US. The objective of this study was to compare the burden of diabetes and hypertension between South Asian patients receiving care in the health systems of two US cities.

Cardiovascular risk factor profiles in North and South Indian and Pakistani Americans: The MASALA Study.

South Asians in the United States have disproportionately high burden of cardiovascular disease compared to other race/ethnic groups but are a heterogenous population, so we evaluated differences in prevalence and adjusted odds of cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity between North Indian, South Indian, and Pakistani immigrants in the United States in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Given cultural differences among residents of Indian regions, for example in dietary patterns, we categorized Indian participants as North or South Indian. In 1,018 participants (728 North Indian [47% women], 223 South Indian [43% women], 67 Pakistani [52% women]), unadjusted diabetes and obesity prevalence was highest in Pakistani participants (33% and 48%, respectively); hypertension prevalence was highest in North Indian participants (54%); dyslipidemia prevalence was highest in South Indian and Pakistani participants (55%); and South Indian participants had a higher odds of dyslipidemia (OR 1.

Higher rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and admission to the paediatric intensive care unit among newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic might have a multifaceted effect on children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), either directly through infection itself or indirectly due to measures implemented by health authorities to control the pandemic.

Objective: To compare data on children newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic to the pre-pandemic period.

Research Design And Methods: We analysed data on children aged 12 years or less registered in the Childhood-Onset Diabetes electronic Registry (CODeR) in Kuwait.

Lifestyle Interventions for Diabetes Prevention in South Asians: Current Evidence and Opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the burden of diabetes in South Asian populations and reviews recent evidence for diabetes prevention through lifestyle modification among South Asians worldwide. We indicate important gaps in the current literature and point to opportunities for additional research in this area.

Recent Findings: Randomized, controlled, efficacy studies and implementation research show that lifestyle intervention can be an effective, cost-effective, and feasible method for reducing diabetes risk, improving cardiometabolic health, and improving lifestyle behaviors in South Asian populations, a population at high diabetes risk and elevated rates of diabetes risk factors.

Association between varying cut-points of intermediate hyperglycemia and risk of mortality, cardiovascular events and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the updated evidence regarding prediabetes for predicting mortality, macrovascular and microvascular outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: We identified English language studies from MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID and Cochrane database indexed from inception to January 31, 2020. Paired reviewers independently identified 106 prospective studies, comprising nearly 1.

Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians.

Introduction: South Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels.

Research Design And Methods: We used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20-44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852).

Incidence and pathophysiology of diabetes in South Asian adults living in India and Pakistan compared with US blacks and whites.

Introduction: We compared diabetes incidence in South Asians aged ≥45 years in urban India (Chennai and Delhi) and Pakistan (Karachi), two low-income and middle-income countries undergoing rapid transition, with blacks and whites in the US, a high-income country.

Research Design And Methods: We computed age-specific, sex-specific and body mass index (BMI)-specific diabetes incidence from the prospective Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=3136) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (blacks, n=3059; whites, n=9924). We assessed factors associated with incident diabetes using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Association of Diabetes Subgroups With Race/Ethnicity, Risk Factor Burden and Complications: The MASALA and MESA Studies.

Introduction: There are known disparities in diabetes complications by race and ethnicity. Although diabetes subgroups may contribute to differential risk, little is known about how subgroups vary by race/ethnicity.

Methods: Data were pooled from 1293 (46% female) participants of the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who had diabetes (determined by diabetes medication use, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), including 217 South Asian, 240 non-Hispanic white, 125 Chinese, 387 African American, and 324 Hispanic patients.

Epidemiology of diabetes among South Asians in the United States: lessons from the MASALA study.

South Asian individuals in the United States are at an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, the mechanisms behind this are not well understood. The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study is the only longitudinal cohort of South Asians in the United States and provides key insights as to the epidemiology of T2DM in South Asians. Evidence from the MASALA study suggests that South Asians experience a disproportionately high burden of prevalent and incident T2DM compared with members of other race/ethnic groups.

Past Sodium Intake, Contemporary Sodium Intake, and Cardiometabolic Health in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh.

Background We compared the relationship of past and contemporary sodium (Na) intake with cardiometabolic biomarkers. Methods and Results A total of 1191 participants' data from a randomized controlled trial in coastal Bangladesh were analyzed. Participants provided 24-hour urine Na (24UNa) data for 5 monthly visits.